Slavery & Economy
What was the forced voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas called?
The Middle Passage.
Which formerly enslaved man became a famous abolitionist writer and speaker?
Frederick Douglass.
What two states entered the Union as a free state and a slave state under the Missouri Compromise?
Missouri entered as a slave state, and Maine entered as a free state.
What major Southern city did the Union capture in 1862, giving it control of an important part of the Mississippi River?
New Orleans.
Which amendment officially abolished slavery in the United States?
The 13th Amendment.
Name two hardships enslaved people experienced while living and working on Southern plantations.
Forced labor, physical punishment, family separation, and lack of freedom.
What novel did Harriet Beecher Stowe write that increased opposition to slavery in the North?
Uncle Tom's Cabin.
What law required citizens to help capture and return escaped enslaved people, angering many Northerners?
The Fugitive Slave Act.
What battle stopped Robert E. Lee's invasion of the North and gave Lincoln an opportunity to announce the Emancipation Proclamation?
The Battle of Antietam.
Which amendment established citizenship for people born or naturalized in the United States and guaranteed equal protection under the law?
The 14th Amendment.
What invention made separating cotton seeds from cotton fibers faster and increased the demand for enslaved labor?
The cotton gin.
Why was slavery considered the opposite of freedom? Name two rights enslaved people were denied.
They were denied control over their labor, families, movement, and legal rights.
What act allowed settlers in Kansas and Nebraska to vote on whether slavery would be allowed?
The Kansas-Nebraska Act.
What important river did the Union gain control of after winning the Battle of Vicksburg in 1863?
The Mississippi River.
What name of racial terror group during reconstruction
KKK Ku Klux Klan.
What crop became the South's leading export and made its economy heavily dependent on slavery?
Cotton
What did the Emancipation Proclamation declare about enslaved people living in areas still rebelling against the United States?
It declared enslaved people in Confederate-held areas rebelling against the United States free.
What Supreme Court case ruled that Black Americans could not be citizens and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories?
Dred Scott v. Sandford.
Name two major advantages the Union had over the Confederacy at the beginning of the Civil War.
A larger population, more factories, more railroads, and greater resources.
What farming system required freed people to work land owned by someone else and often left them trapped in debt?
Sharecropping
How did slavery benefit both Southern agriculture and Northern industries before the Civil War?
Enslaved labor produced cotton for Southern farms, while Northern textile mills, banks, shipping companies, and businesses profited from the cotton trade.
Name two important effects of the Emancipation Proclamation on the Civil War.
It allowed Black men to enlist in the Union Army and discouraged European countries from supporting the Confederacy.
In his "House Divided" speech, what did Abraham Lincoln believe would happen to a nation that remained permanently half slave and half free?
The nation could not permanently survive divided between slave and free states.
Give three reasons the Union was ultimately able to defeat the Confederacy.
Greater resources, naval blockade, control of the Mississippi River, Grant and Sherman's strategies, and Black soldiers serving in the Union Army.
What agreement settled the disputed election of 1876, made Rutherford B. Hayes president, and resulted in federal troops leaving the South?
The Compromise of 1877.