Topic 1 H2O and H bonding
substance composed of molecules consisting of atoms of at least two different elements
Compound
large molecule, typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules
Macromolecule
reaction that links monomer molecules together, releasing a molecule of water for each bond formed
deyhydration reaction
monomer of a protein; has a central carbon or alpha carbon to which an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and an R group or side chain is attached; the R group is different for the most common 20 amino acids
Amino Acid
DNA has a double-helical structure with the two strands running in opposite directions.. what is this called
Antiparallel
occurs because water molecules are attracted to charges on the inner surfaces of narrow tubular structures such as glass tubes, drawing the water molecules to the sides of the tubes
Capillary Action
groups of atoms that give specific properties to hydrocarbon chains or rings that define their overall chemical characteristics and function.
Functional groups
Storage of carbohydrates in plant
starch
macromolecule that is nonpolar and insoluble in water
Lipid
type of nitrogenous base in DNA and RNA; adenine and guanine are purines
Purine
covalent bond
organic molecules consisting entirely of carbon and hydrogen, such as methane (CH4)
Hydrocarbons
reaction that causes breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules with the utilization of water
Hydrolysis
major constituent of the membranes; composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate-containing group attached to a glycerol backbone
Phospholipid
type of nitrogenous base in DNA and RNA; cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyrimidines
pyrimidine
substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution
Solute
adenosine triphosphate, the cell’s energy currency
ATP
storage carbohydrate in animals
Glycogen
process that changes the natural properties of a substance
denature
physical and functional unit of heredity, a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein.
Gene
ability of some elements to attract electrons (often of hydrogen atoms), acquiring partial negative charges in molecules and creating partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms
Electronegativity
Any compound containing hydrocarbons
Organic Compound
polysaccharide that makes up the cell wall of plants; provides structural support to the cell
Cellulose
regular structure formed by proteins by intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the oxygen atom of one amino acid residue and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom of another amino acid residue
Secondary Structure
monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, one or more phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base
Nucleotide