Motion and units
distance in a certain direction, measured in meters
displacement
a push or pull that can cause a change in motion (SI unit = Newtons or N)
force
What is Newton's 1st Law?
Newton's 1st Law of Motion- An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. An object in motion will remain in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. (Also called the Law of Inertia)
the ability to do work, measured in Joules, takes many forms including mechanical energy, light, nuclear, chemical, electrical, thermal, and sound
energy
anything that can change or vary in an experiment to possibly affect the results
variable
name both in correct order
the amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms
a measure of the force of gravity pulling down on an object
mass and weight
the force between 2 objects or substances in motion relative to each other; It always acts in the direction opposite the motion to slow or even stop the motion.
friction.
What is Newtons 2nd Law?
Newton's 2nd Law of Motion- The net force acting on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration (F = m x a)
mechanical energy of an object due to its motion, depends on the object's mass and velocity
Kinetic Energy (KE)
a prediction about how an experiment will turn out, based on previous experiments and knowledge
hypothesis
name both - label 1 or two
1. slowing down, speeding up, or changing directions (SI unit = meters per second per second/ m/s^2 or m/s/s)
2. rate of change in displacement (SI unit = meters per second or m/s)
Acceleration and Velocity
a force of attraction between all objects that have mass; The amount depends on the distance between them and the masses of the objects.
Gravity
What is Newton's 3rd Law of motion?
Newton's 3rd Law of Motion- For every action force, there's an equal and opposite reaction force: (Forces come in pairs.)
stored energy that is not currently being used up, comes in many forms including gravitational potential, chemical potential, and elastic potential
Potential Energy (PE)
the variable in the experiment that the experimenter changes deliberately to see what effect it will have (This is plotted along the x-axis of a line or bar graph.)
independent variable (iv)
the SI unit for force, equal to the amount of force needed to accelerate a 1-kilogram mass at a rate of 1 meter per second per second (named after scientist)
Newton (N)
a force that acts on an object in a direction perpendicular to its surface, for example the weight of a person pushing down on a floor on which they are standing
Normal Force
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
The Law of Conservation of Energy- Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another or transferred from one object to another.
name both types of potential energies
energy stored in an object due to its shape when an elastic object is stretched or compressed
energy stored in an object due to its height above the ground (or above some arbitrary zero level), depends on its weight and on its height
elastic potential energy and gravitational potential energy
the variable in an experiment that changes because of the independent variable; It depends on the independent variable. (This is plotted along the y-axis of a line or bar graph.)
dependent variable (dv)
name both in correct order
the SI unit of work and energy, defined as the amount of work or energy needed to apply a 1-newton force to displace a mass a distance of 1 meter.
a force applied to move something through a distance (W = F x d)
Joule(J) and work
Define an unbalanced force
an unbalanced force is a push or pull that is not opposed by an equal and opposite force, resulting in a net force greater than zero that changes an object's motion.
What is Inertia?
inertia- an object's tendency to remain at rest or to remain in constant motion, directly related to the object's mass
name both energies
energy held within the bonds that connect atoms together in molecules; it can be released when those bonds are broken
heat energy, the energy a substance has due to its mass and the kinetic energy of its molecules; depends on the mass and the temperature
chemical energy and thermal energy
name both in correct order
general statements and predictions that can be logically inferred from the data collected during an experiment
numerical measurements collected during observations
conclusions and data