Hard
Marking a text with notes and/or comments
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Annotating
the intended group for a message, regardless of the medium
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Audience
a logical guess made by connecting bits of information
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Inference
Paraphrase
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restate the meaning of something in different words. Paraphrasing alters the exact wording of the source and transmits its ideas or information without evaluation or interpretation.
paraphrased or directly quoted detail(s) from a text that supports a reader’s claim, thought, inference, or analysis about the text
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Text evidence
The reason an author writes about a particular topic (e.g., to persuade, to entertain, to inform, to explain, to analyze, etc.); the reason an author includes particular details, features, or devices in a work
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Author’s purpose
Written/spoken explanations or interpretations that further develop an idea
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Commentary
an act of searching for information or knowledge about a particular subject or topic
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Inquiry
Reliable source
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a credible or believable source. Some questions to evaluate credibility might be: Is the author a respected authority on the subject? Does the author support opinions with strong argumentation and reasoning? How current is the information?
Bias
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a particular inclination, feeling, or opinion about a subject that is often preconceived or unreasoned
Context
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the words, sentences, or passages that precede or follow a specific word, sentence, or passage
important ideas throughout a work that support the central message, theme, tone, etc.
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Key ideas
a timeline that identifies the initial steps needed to find accurate, significant, and relevant sources to support the topic of inquiry or working thesis, intermediary steps of reevaluating the research question and revising the thesis based on source analysis, and the final steps of drafting (or equivalent preparation), revision, editing, and presenting results in an appropriate mode of delivery (written, oral, or multimodal)
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Research process
Citation
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a reference to the author’s name, title of work, date published, publisher, and/or page numbers of quoted or paraphrased text in a shortened in-text notation or in a longer bibliographic entry
Correspondence
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any written or digital communication exchanged between two or more people in the form of a letter, e-mail, fax, etc.
Note-taking
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the study skill of outlining or summarizing the ideas of a lecture, a book, or another source of information to aid in the retention of ideas
Summarize
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to reduce large sections of text to their essential points and main ideas. Note: It is still important to attribute summarized ideas to the original source.
Collaboration
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the process of two or more people working together to create or achieve the same thing wherein each member speaks, is heard, and takes ownership of the resulting product or activity
Drawing conclusions
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a form of inference in which the reader gathers information, considers the general thoughts or ideas that emerge from the information and comes to a decision; the conclusion is generally based on more than one piece of information.
Plagiarize
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to present the ideas or words of another as one’s own without crediting the source Prediction
to combine elements and parts to form a coherent whole
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Synthesize