Category 1
conflict in which the American colonies gained independence from Britain
American Revolution
18th century movement emphasizing reason and science
Enlightenment
first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution protecting individual rights
United States Bill of Rights
the governing document of the United States
United States Constitution
document declaring the American colonies independent from Britain
United States Declaration of Independence
belief that Earth is the center of the universe
geocentrism
astronomer who used a telescope to support heliocentrism
Galileo
drawing conclusions through observation, hypothesis, & experimentation
scientific method
theory that the Sun is the center of the solar system
heliocentrism
period of major advances in science and astronomy during the 1500s–1600s
Scientific Revolution
belief that reason is the primary source of knowledge
rationalism
scientist who developed the laws of motion and gravity
Newton
idea that knowledge comes from observation & experience, not innate reasoning
empiricism
child-prodigy composer of the Classical era
Mozart
conflict between European powers that led to Britain becoming dominant
Seven Years' War
astronomer who proposed the heliocentric theory
Copernicus
philosopher known as the “father of modern philosophy”
Descartes
thinker who promoted the idea of separation of powers for government
Montesquieu
philosopher who argued that government should reflect the will of the people
Rousseau
philosopher who promoted experimentation and empiricism
Bacon
scientist who discovered that planets orbit in ellipses
Kepler
editor of the foremost Enlightenment encyclopedia
Diderot
writer who defended freedom of speech and religion
Voltaire
economist who supported free markets and capitalism
Adam Smith
belief in a creator who does not interfere with the universe
deism