Attribution Process and Attitudes
The theory that explains how people interpret the causes of behavior.
Attribution Theory
This psychologist’s shocking experiment in the 1960s demonstrated how far people would go in obeying authority, even delivering what they believed were fatal electric shocks.
Stanley Milgram
This is any unwanted behavior intended to cause harm to another person.
aggression
These are preconceived ideas or generalizations about a group of people.
stereotypes
This phenomenon occurs when individuals are less likely to help someone in need if others are present.
the bystander effect
When you blame a person's actions on the situation they are in, not their personality.
Situational Attribution
This classic conformity experiment involved participants judging line lengths and going along with the group, even when the group was clearly wrong.
Asch’s conformity experiment
This type of aggression includes hitting, kicking, or any form of bodily harm.
physical aggression
This is the unfair negative attitude or prejudgment about a group of people.
prejudice
This situation occurs when individuals or groups pursue their own interests, leading to mutually destructive outcomes.
Social Trap
The mistake of blaming someone's behavior on their character while ignoring the situation.
Fundamental Attribution Error
This is the term for changing your behavior to match the group, even if you disagree internally.
conformity
Yelling, insulting, or name-calling are examples of this kind of aggression.
verbal aggression
The belief that one's own culture is superior to others is known as this.
ethnocentrism
This occurs when each side in a conflict views itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.
mirror-image perception
This bias causes us to search for reasons behind others' behavior, often making assumptions.
Attribution Bias
This phenomenon occurs when people perform better on simple or well-practiced tasks in the presence of others.
social facilitation
This type of aggression involves damaging someone’s social relationships or reputation.
relational aggression
Negative behavior that results from prejudice, often targeting individuals based on their group membership, is called this.
discrimination
This term refers to how opposing groups often view each other as threatening, untrustworthy, or evil.
enemy perception
The idea that expectations we hold about others can lead them to behave in ways that confirm those expectations.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
This term describes the tendency of people in a group to exert less effort than they would individually.
social loafing
When aggression happens face-to-face, it’s referred to as this.
direct aggression
This phenomenon assumes that good things happen to good people, and bad things happen to those who are evil.
Just World phenomenon
In addition to contact, these are three key strategies that help reduce conflict and promote peace between groups.
cooperation, communication, and conciliation