Historical Figures
A non-violet activist, and minister. Responsible for leading the March on Washington and Montgomery Bus Boycott. A major influence of the Civil Rights Movement!
MLK Jr.
Made it legal to have separate drinking fountains, telephone booths, restrooms, hospitals, hotels, and schools.
African Americans could not sit with white people on trains, eat in certain restaurants, or attend certain theaters or parks.
These laws violated the newly won rights of African Americans, but it would be almost 100 years before they were abandoned.
Jim Crow Laws
From fall 1961 to summer 1962, a desegregation movement involving the NAACP and SNCC took place in BLANK, Georgia.
The movement’s goal was to end all types of segregation in Albany (transportation, schools, libraries, hospitals, restaurants, juries, etc.) through mass protests, sit-ins, and boycotts.
The police wanted to avoid negative publicity, so they arrested over 500 protestors.
Albany Movement
Governor of Georgia. A strict segregationist. He chose to close his restaurant in Atlanta rather than comply with the Civil Rights Act.
Lester Maddox
founded in 1960 to mobilize students and organize nonviolent protests against racial segregation and discrimination.
SNCC
In 1960, a commission was formed by Atlanta banker John BLANK that held public hearings to see how Georgians felt about integration.
It found that 2 out of 3 Georgians would rather see schools closed that integrated.
As a result, the commission recommended that each local district decide the desegregation matter for itself
Sibley Comission
He was a former slave who believed that blacks should focus on learning a trade.
He felt that by proving themselves in different fields, African Americans would eventually be treated as equal citizens.
He accepted social separation and felt that African Americans could advance faster through hard work than by demanding equal rights.
Booker T. Washington
An organization made up of black ministers who coordinated their efforts to achieve civil equality for African Americans.
SCLC
The Court ruled that segregation was constitutional as long as African American facilities are equal to whites’ facilities.
The case upheld Jim Crow laws and established a legal doctrine known as “separate but equal”.
Plessy v. Ferguson
A founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), an organization that works to protect equal rights for African Americans.
W. E. B. Du Bois
Violent attacks by armed mobs of white Americans against African Americans in Atlanta, Georgia, began after newspapers, on the evening of September 22, 1906.
1906 Atlanta Riot
The court ruled that segregation was unconstitutional, and public schools across America began to integrate.
This case overturned the earlier 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case that declared the “separate but equal” doctrine.
Brown V. BOE
He was born a slave and grew up to become a barber.
By 1907, he owned three barber shops in Atlanta that had crystal chandeliers and gold fixtures.
Herndon used his wealth to start the Atlanta Life Insurance Company, one of the few companies that would insure African Americans.
Alonzo Herndon
depriving someone of an opportunity, especially the right to vote.
blocking the black vote.
Disenfranchisement
In 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. led more than 250,000 people on a civil rights march in Washington, D.C.
They called on President Kennedy and Congress to pass a law that guaranteed equal rights and quality education for all citizens.
King gave his famous “I Have a Dream” speech at the gathering, inspiring Americans to strive for a world where black and white children could play together in peace.
March on Washington