Cardio/Respiratory System
What happens in the alveoli?
Gaseous exchange
Strengthening and hardening of the bones.
Name the 3 energy systems and state if Oxygen is present or absent
Aerobic - Present
Anaerobic - Absent
ATP-PC - Absent
Cranium, Scapula, Clavicle, Radius, Ulna, Humerus, Ribs Vertebral Column, Pelvis, Femur, Fibula, Tibia, Patella,
The number of times the heart beats per minute is the definition of what?
Heart Rate
Describe the pathway of blood
Vena Cava, Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Artery, Lungs, Pulmonary Vein, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Around the body
What is Hypertrophy?
An increase in size and strength of muscle as a result of training.
What are the intensity levels for the 3 energy systems?
Aerobic - Low
Anaerobic - High
ATP-PC - Very High
Name and point to all 11 muscles
Biceps, Triceps, Deltoid, Trapezius, Latissmus Dorsi, Abdominals, Pectorals, Hamstring, Quadriceps, Gastrocnemius, Gluteus Maximus
Define Stroke Volume
Stroke volume – “The volume of blood pumped from the heart per beat”.
3 Functions of the Cardiovascular system
1. Transport of nutrients and Oxygen
2. Removal of waste products
3. Regulation of body temperature
What is Vital Capacity?
The greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath.
Name a sport that uses each energy system
Aerobic - Marathon running
Anaerobic - 100m sprint
ATP-PC - Weightlifting
Type 1 - Low
Type 2a Oxidative - Medium
Type 2b Glycolytic - High
Define Cardiac Output and what is the equation?
Cardiac Output – “The volume of blood pumped from the heart per minute”.
HR x SV = Q
Define Vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Vasodilation - Blood vessels get wider to increase blood flow to the skin and reduce body temperature?
Vasoconstriction - Blood vessels get narrower to decrease blood flow to the skin and increase body temperature?
Why does Cardiac Hypertrophy cause a lower resting heart rate?
Cardiac hypertrophy means the heart gets bigger and stronger. This means that the Stroke Volume (amount of blood pumped per beat) increases. As more blood is going around the body per beat, the heart doesn't need to beat as many times.
What are the equations for the 3 Energy systems?
Aerobic -- Glucose + O2 = Energy + CO2 + H2O
Anaerobic -- Glucose = Energy + Lactic Acid
ATP-PC -- ATP + PC = Energy
Name the 6 movement at joints and demonstrate them
Adduction, Abduction, Circumduction, Rotation, Extension, Flexion
What is Tidal Volume and how does it change during exercise?
Tidal Volume - The volume of air breathed into and out of the lungs per breath. During exercise, the tidal volume increases.
Describe the pathway of air
Nose/Mouth --> Larynx --> Trachea --> Lungs
--> Bronchi --> Bronchioles --> Alveoli
The force of circulating blood on the walls of the arteries is the definition of what?
Blood Pressure
During a game of football, all 3 energy systems will be used. Explain.
Aerobic - The game lasts for 90 minutes, for most of this game, the player will be jogging and moving around the pitch without stopping.
Anaerobic - During the game, a player will need to have a short sprint. For example on a quick counter attack, the striker will need to sprint to get in the box.
ATP-PC - A hard, powerful shot from a freekick.
Provide the definition and sporting example for all 6 joint movements
-- Abduction - Movement of a limb away from the midline - Splits
-- Adduction - Movement of a limb towards the midline - Breaststroke kick
-- Rotation - Movement of body part around its axis - Cricket spin bowler's wrist
-- Circumduction - Circling of a limb -Butterfly swimming stroke
-- Extension - Lengthening and straightening of a joint -Badminton shot
-- Flexion - Shortening and bending of a joint - Bicep curl
Why does your HR increase during exercise? and what is muscular fatigue
Oxygen is transported in blood, your heart pumps blood around the body to the working muscles. During exercise your muscles need more Oxygen so as a result, your heart must pump faster to get more Oxygen to the muscles.
Muscular fatigue is the tiring of the muscles.