11.1 Part 1
In 1928 a British scientist was investigating the certain types of bacteria that possibly cause pneumonia (lung disease). WHO is that scientist?
Who is Frederick Griffith?
After Avery and the other scientists discovery, what did they find? (Hint: Dealing with Genetic Information)
What is finding out that the genes were made out of DNA?
What are the components of DNA?
What is nucleotides joined into long strands or chains by covalent bonds?
WHICH TWO people realized that the double helix accounted for Franklin's X-Ray pattern?
What did base pairing in the double helix explain?
(What is) It explained how DNA can be copied or even replicated.
What TYPE of bacteria cause the disease (as in pneumonia)?
What is the smooth strain/the "S" type?
Bacteriophages are what?
What is a virus?
DNA nucleotides are made of by WHAT components?
What is a 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base?
What's the most important aspect of the double helix model?
(What is) Two strands of DNA running in opposite directions?
What is the principal enzyme in DNA replication?
What is DNA Polymerase?
What TYPE of bacteria DIDN'T contribute to the disease (as in pneumonia)?
What is rough strain/the "R" type?
What do Bacteriophages do?
What is attaching to the surface of bacterium and injecting their genetic info into it? In order to produce new bacteriophages that destroy the bacterium overtime.
What is the shape of DNA? (Hint: an X-shaped pattern)
What is a Helix?
Watson and Crick discovered that a specific bond could form between the nitrogenous bases to keep together the strands of DNA's double helix. What specific bond is that?
What is a hydrogen bond?
During the copying process of DNA replication, what happens?
What is two strands of each DNA molecule being seperated, then two new complementary strands are synthesized based on the rules of base pairing?
WHAT Canadian Biologist in the Rockefeller Institute in NYC wanted to identify the molecule in the heat-killed bacteria that caused transformation?
Who is Oswald Avery?
What results from a Bacteriophage with sulfur-35 in a protein coat? (Hint: It infects, then what?)
(What is) Once the bacterium is infected through attachment the bacterium IS NOT radioactive.
What are the FOUR types of nitrogenous bases?
What is Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine?
If DNA was held together by strong bonds, what would happen?
(What is) It might be impossible to seperate, and the ability to seperate is crucial for DNA and its functions.
Eukaryotic cells may have up to how many times more DNA?
What is 1000?
How were dead S-type Cells able to transform living R-type cells?
(What Is) Through the process of transformation genetic material is transferred. Therefore, this is how the R-type cells are able to inherit/gain the traits of S-type cells.
What results from a Bacteriophage with phosphorus-32 in DNA? (Hint: It infects, then what?)
(What is) Once the bacterium is infected through attachment the bacterium becomes radioactive.
Erwin Chargaff found out WHAT about Adenine and Thymine? Along with Guanine and Cytosine?
(What is) That all of them are almost equal in any sample of DNA. (A = T, G = C)
In 1962 WHICH THREE people were awarded the Nobel Prize?
Who is James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins?
In the process Eukaryotic DNA Replication is it possible for it to start in multiple of places on the DNA molecule, or just one main space?