D= M/V
This is the formula used to calculate density.
Density = Mass / Volume?
D = M / V
What is the outermost layer of Earth's interior, and what is it primarily composed of?
The crust, composed primarily of solid rock, such as granite and basalt.
This layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer, which absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
The stratosphere
What type of seismic wave is the fastest and arrives first at a seismograph station?
P-waves (Primary waves)
This type of boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other, creating new oceanic crust.
Divergent boundary
If the mass of an object is 50 grams and the volume is 10 cm³, what is the density of the object?
5 g/cm³
50 g / 10 cm³
What layer of Earth is responsible for the movement of tectonic plates, and what process occurs in this layer?
The mantle, where convection currents move tectonic plates.
As you increase altitude in the troposphere, this happens to the temperature.
Temperature decreases
What scale is commonly used to measure the magnitude or strength of an earthquake?
Richter scale
What is the latitude and longitude of Ithaca, New York?
Latitude: 42° N
Longitude: 76° W
True or False: The density of an object will change if you cut it in half.
False
Density is a property that does not change if the mass and volume are proportionally reduced.
Which layer of Earth's interior is liquid, and what is it made of?
The outer core, composed of liquid iron and nickel.
This gas makes up approximately 78% of Earth’s atmosphere.
Nitrogen
The difference in arrival times between P-waves and S-waves at a seismograph station is used to determine what important feature of an earthquake?
The distance to the earthquake’s epicenter.
How long will it take for an S-wave to travel 5,000 kilometers?
Approximately 18 minutes
A rock has a mass of 300 grams and is placed into a graduated cylinder, raising the water level from 100 mL to 150 mL. What is the density of the rock?
6 g/mL
300 g / 50 mL
What is the difference between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere in terms of structure and behavior?
The lithosphere is the rigid outer shell, including the crust and upper mantle, while the asthenosphere is the semi-fluid layer beneath the lithosphere that allows for plate movement.
The ozone layer is important because it protects life on Earth from this type of solar radiation.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
Name the process used to locate the epicenter of an earthquake using data from at least three seismograph stations.
Triangulation
At what depth is the boundary between the Earth's outer core and inner core located?
5,200 kilometers
When an object floats in water, is its density higher, lower, or equal to the density of water?
Lower
An object floats when its density is lower than the density of water, which is 1 g/mL.
Seismic waves help scientists study Earth's interior. What type of seismic wave can travel through both solids and liquids, and which type can only travel through solids?
P-waves (Primary waves) travel through both solids and liquids, while S-waves (Secondary waves) can only travel through solids.
As altitude increases in the Earth's atmosphere, this happens to air pressure.
Pressure decreases
The point within Earth where an earthquake originates is called the ______, and the point directly above it on the surface is the ______.
Focus; Epicenter
P- and S- waves were recorded 4 minutes and 20 seconds apart at the same seismic station. How far away from the epicenter is the station?
The station is 3000 kilometers from the epicenter