Cardiomyopathy
This type of cardiomyopathy is characterized by an enlarged and weakened ventricle that results in decreased cardiac output.
What is dilated cardiomyopathy?
These congenital heart defects are commonly referred to as “cyanotic defects” because deoxygenated blood enters systemic circulation.
What are right-to-left shunts?
This defect involves an opening between the atria allowing oxygenated blood to flow from the left atrium into the right atrium.
What is an atrial septal defect (ASD)?
This blood cancer originates in the bone marrow and results in uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells.
What is leukemia?
This cancer screening test is commonly used to detect colorectal cancer early.
What is a colonoscopy?
A patient with this cardiomyopathy may experience syncope during exercise due to obstruction of blood leaving the left ventricle.
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
This congenital heart defect consists of four abnormalities including VSD, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and overriding aorta.
What is Tetralogy of Fallot?
This congenital defect occurs when the fetal ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth.
What is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
This cancer originates in the lymphatic system and has two main types: Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin.
What is lymphoma?
This skin cancer warning sign system evaluates asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter, and evolution.
What is ABCDE of melanoma?
This type of cardiomyopathy is characterized by stiff ventricular walls that impair ventricular filling but usually maintain normal systolic function.
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?
This defect occurs when the pulmonary artery and aorta are switched, causing two separate circulatory systems.
What is Transposition of the Great Arteries?
This defect results in narrowing of the aorta, leading to higher blood pressure in the upper extremities than the lower extremities.
What is coarctation of the aorta?
This blood cancer affects plasma cells and can lead to bone destruction, anemia, and kidney damage.
What is multiple myeloma?
This type of lung cancer accounts for the majority of cases and includes adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
What is non-small cell lung cancer?
A patient with cardiomyopathy is prescribed beta blockers. These medications primarily reduce myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing these two cardiac factors.
What are heart rate and contractility?
Children with Tetralogy of Fallot often instinctively squat during cyanotic episodes because this increases this cardiovascular factor.
What is systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?
These defects often result in increased pulmonary blood flow, which can lead to this long-term complication affecting the lungs.
What is pulmonary hypertension?
A patient undergoing chemotherapy develops neutropenia. This lab value is used to determine severe neutropenia risk.
What is an ANC less than 500?
This complication occurs when chemotherapy drugs leak from the IV site into surrounding tissue causing severe tissue damage.
What is extravasation?
A patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy should avoid this type of medication because it decreases preload and worsens outflow obstruction.
What are diuretics (or medications that decrease preload)?
These sudden episodes of hypoxia and cyanosis seen in Tetralogy of Fallot are known by this name.
What are Tet spells (hypercyanotic spells)?
If untreated, chronic left-to-right shunting can eventually reverse direction and become cyanotic in this syndrome.
What is Eisenmenger syndrome?
This blood cancer causes excessive plasma cells and is commonly associated with bone pain and lytic lesions.
What is multiple myeloma?
This oncologic emergency occurs when a tumor compresses the superior vena cava causing facial swelling, dyspnea, and venous distention.
What is superior vena cava syndrome?