Greece
Basis of Athenian & Spartan Society:
Athens focused on _________.
Sparta focused on _________.
Athens: Trade, education and wisdom
Sparta: Military strength and strategy
Who was the 1st emperor of the Roman Empire?
Augustus Caesar
Which Greek philosopher was sentenced to death for “corrupting the youth of Athens?”
Socrates
What is a democracy?
Citizens are able to vote on a variety of issues
This religion spread through the Roman Empire because it welcomed all people, including the poor and enslaved.
Christianity
Government in Athens and Sparta:
Athens had a __________. (all people rule; elected officials)
Sparta had a __________. (small group of people rule)
Athens: Democracy
Sparta: Oligarchy
How did geography impact Ancient Rome?
Rome’s central location allowed for it to control the Mediterranean Sea
This philosopher was a student of Socrates, founded the Academy in Athens, and wrote "The Republic" (described his ideal state as being led by a philosopher-king).
Plato
What is a classical civilization?
A civilization known for its lasting achievements in government, art, architecture, and ideas - their culture influenced modern life
Example: Greece influenced modern democracy, architecture and theater
This man is considered the founder of Christianity. He was born in Judea and taught love, forgiveness, and belief in one God
Jesus
This word describes the mix of Greek culture with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian ideas that spread after Alexander the Great’s conquests.
Hellenism
What was the difference between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire in terms of government leadership?
Citizens had the right to elect their leaders vs. Emperor having all the power
He was a student of Plato who later became Alexander the Great's teacher, as well as the creator of the scientific method and other theories on ethics
Aristotle
What is a Golden Age?
A period of time when art, education, and philosophy flourished.
This Roman emperor made Christianity legal with the Edict of Milan in 313 CE.
Constantine
This word means a Greek city-state, which had its own government, army, and cultural identity
For bonus points: Name two Greek poleis
Polis
Athens & Sparta
List two of Rome's technological advances
1. An extensive road system
2. The use of arches and domes in their architecture
3. Aqueducts: channeled fresh waters into cities
4. Mechanical reaper
His empire established a new Hellenistic era in which Greek culture, philosophy, and art spread across Asia and Egypt, leaving a lasting cultural legacy.
Alexander the Great
This type of government, used in early Rome, allowed citizens to elect leaders who made laws and decisions. It was different from a monarchy because power was shared and leaders were chosen by voting.
Republic
What was it called when Roman leaders kicked out or even killed Christians because they did not worship Roman gods.
Persecution (would also accept oppression)
What two geography features impacted Ancient Greece?
Mountains isolated city-states
Seas allowed easy access to trade
Name 3 reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire.
Invasions by Germanic tribes
Disruption of trade and high taxes
Gap between the rich and poor grew wider
Disloyalty of citizens and military
Split of empire into East & West (weakened and divided)
He was a Roman general who became dictator, helped end the Roman Republic, and was assassinated by senators in 44 BCE.
Julius Caesar
What is cultural diffusion?
For bonus points: What ruler and civilization was the BEST example of this?
The exchange of ideas and cultures
EXAMPLE: Alexander the Great and Hellenistic Civilization
Name two reasons why Christianity was able to spread quickly in the Roman Empire.
1. Roads built by the Romans
2. Common language of Latin