Decline of the NA
This group of Native Americans were nomadic and depended upon the Buffalo for everything.
Plain Indians
This invention, nicknamed "Devil’s Rope," allowed farmers to fence off land and effectively ended the era of the open range.
Barbed Wire
Approximately 90% of the labor for the Central Pacific railroad was provided by immigrants from this country.
China
This early, low-tech method of mining involved using a pan to wash gold out of loose sand or gravel.
Placer Mining
This 1862 Act promised 160 acres of public land to settlers for a small fee if they lived on it for five years and built a house.
The Homestead Act (1862)
This ideology held that U.S. expansion across the continent was both justified and inevitable.
Manifest Destiny
These were locations near railroads where cattle were driven to be shipped to markets in the East.
Cowtowns
These two railroad companies competed in a "race" to connect the East and West coasts.
The Union Pacific and the Central Pacific
As surface gold disappeared, mining shifted to this expensive, deep-earth method that required heavy machinery.
Hard Rock Mining
Name two struggles faced by the Homesteaders once they arrived on there land.
Drought, Locust, Wildfires, Tornadoes, Mud Houses
This 1890 event, involving the death of roughly 300 Lakota Sioux, is recognized as the final major confrontation of the American Indian Wars.
The Wounded Knee Massacre
This 1878 invention allowed slaughtered beef to be transported long distances without spoiling, lowering prices and increasing availability for consumers.
The Refrigerator Car
This type of town grew rapidly almost overnight near railroads, while "Ghost Towns" were those bypassed by the tracks.
Boomtowns
Prospectors who flocked to the Rockies during the 1859 Pikes Peak Gold Rush were known by this nickname.
59'ers
The Homestead Act required, homesteaders to build a house and do this successfully before recieving their land for free.
Live there for 5 years/Grow Crops
This 1887 Act aimed to "civilize" Native Americans by breaking up communal tribal lands into individual family plots.
The Dawes Act of 1887
Before the refrigerator car, cowboys conducted this event to move cattle from Texas to Kansas.
The Long Drive
This specific location in Utah is where the two railroad lines finally met in 1869.
Promontory Point
This 1853 invention was used by early miners as a way to sift through gravel and sand to find flakes of gold.
Sluice Box
This term describes a factor, such as the promise of free land or better economic opportunities, that draws or attracts someone to move to a new location.
Pull Factor
This 1876 battle, also known as "Custer's Last Stand," was a major victory for the Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne, that ended in the death of all 210 US army soldiers.
The Battle of Little Bighorn
While Texas was the source of the cattle, these two Midwestern cities became the industrial centers of the meatpacking industry, where livestock were slaughtered and processed.
Chicago and St. Louis
To prevent train collisions and standardize schedules, railroad companies created four of these in 1883.
Time Zones
Why couldn't lone prospectors compete with the big companies after the gold in the streams/rivers dried up?
Money/Lack of funds to buy expensive equipment
This nickname describes the low quality houses homesteaders had to build due to the lack of available wood.
"The Soddy"