The Reformation
A 16th-century movement that challenged the Catholic Church and created Protestant churches.
What is the Reformation?
People who questioned accepted knowledge and demanded proof.
What are skeptics?
Also called the Age of Reason, it promoted logic, freedom, and reform.
What is the Enlightenment?
A political system in which one ruler holds total power.
What is absolutism?
The shift from hand production to machines.
What is the Industrial Revolution?
These were payments to the Church to reduce punishment for sins.
What are indulgences?
The idea that the Earth was the center of the universe.
What is the geocentric theory?
This is the idea that people give up freedoms for protection.
What is the social contract?
French society was divided into these three classes.
What are the Estates?
Growth of cities during the Industrial Revolution is known as this
What is urbanization
This monk and professor nailed the 95 Theses to a church door.
Who is Martin Luther?
He was arrested by the Catholic Church for supporting heliocentrism.
Who is Galileo Galilei?
Enlightenment thinkers believed governments need this from the people.
What is consent of the governed?
In capitalism, the factors of production are owned by these people.
Who are private owners?
This invention helped spread Protestant ideas across Europe.
What is the printing press?
The shift from faith-based thinking to observation and evidence is known as this
What is the Scientific Revolution?
These Enlightenment ideas inspired major revolutions like the American and French.
What are liberty, equality, and natural rights?
In socialism, the factors of production are controlled by this.
What is the community
This movement of industrial workers aimed for better wages and conditions.
What are labor unions?