Bloodborne Pathogens
Which bloodborne pathogen has a preventative vaccine?
Hepatitis B has a preventative vaccine.
Describe the steps for caring for a minor skin wound.
Steps for caring for minor skin wound:
Healthcare provider should wear gloves
Clean with soap and water or sterile saline then hydrogen peroxide
Apply antibiotic ointment
Apply sterile dressing
What does SPF stand for? Why is it important for athletes to protect themselves from the sun (long-term risk)?
Sun Protection Factor.
Athletes are at risk because many sports are played outdoors. The long-term risks of sun exposure include premature aging and skin cancer.
True or False: Hyperthermia can occur during cold weather.
TRUE: Hyperthermia can occur during cold weather.
What is the medical term for cauliflower ear?
Auricular Hematoma: a condition that causes a permanent deformity of the ear if not treated and is most common in wrestling.
What is a bloodborne pathogen? What are the 3 most significant bloodborne pathogens?
A bloodborne pathogen is a pathogenic microorganism that can potentially cause disease. The three most significant bloodborne pathogens are hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
How do you know when a wound needs sutures (stiches)? What is the maximum time you can wait to get stiches?
If an athlete has a wound that appears to be severe (deep, gaping, etc.) they should be sent to a physician who will determine is sutures are necessary.
Sutures should be put in as soon as possible but within a maximum of 12 hours.
What is heat index a measure of and why is it important to monitor?
Heat Index: takes air temperature and relative humidity into account
Important to monitor to determine what safety precautions need to be taken for athletic events.
What is the difference between frostnip and frostbite?
Frostnip: involves skin only- firm, cold, and red
Frostbite: affects subcutaneous and deep tissues. Requires hospitalization and treatment in order to prevent tissue death.
This type of protective equipment is often less expensive and is ready to be used right out of the package.
Off-the-shelf:
often less expensive and is ready to be used right out of the package.
What is the term for treating all contact with bodily fluids as if it is infected with a bloodborne pathogen?
Universal Precautions:
Treating all contact with bodily fluids as if it is infected with a bloodborne pathogen
Describe the proper steps to control external bleeding. What should ALWAYS be the first step?
Glove up!
Steps to control bleeding:
Direct Pressure
Elevation
Pressure Points
What causes exertional heat cramps? What is the best way to treat them?
Heat cramps are caused by loss of water and electrolytes which are essential in muscle contractions.
Treat with fluid/electrolyte replacement, ice massage, and gentle stretching of the muscle cramping.
Using the flash-to-bang method: you see lightening, count to 30 seconds, and then hear thunder. How far away is this lightening storm?
6 miles
This type of shoulder pad is bulkier and usually used by players who engage in a lot of blocking and tackling
Cantilevered:
type of shoulder pad is bulkier and usually used by players who engage in a lot of blocking and tackling
List 2 ways athletes can prevent the spread of bloodborne pathogens.
Use mouthpieces in high-risk sport
Shower immediately after practice or competition
Get Heptatis B immunization
Cover all wounds prior to participation
Identify these 5 types of wounds:
A: A piece of skin is torn away
B: Rough jagged cut by object
C: Object is stuck into skin
D: Top layer of skin is worn away
E: Smooth cut by a sharp object
A: Avulsion
B: Laceration
C: Puncture Wound
D: Abrasion
E: Incision
Describe the main way that the body dissipates heat and how this is limited on a particularly hot and humid day.
Sweat collects on the skin, evaporates into the air and takes heat with it.
High humidity- decreases ability of sweat to evaporate because the air is already so concentrated with water molecules.
What is the name of the condition in which there is a vasospasm of vessels in the fingers and toes usually associated with cold exposure?
Raynaud’s Syndrome:
condition in which there is a vasospasm of vessels in the fingers and toes usually associated with cold exposure
In football, no face protector should have less than how many bars?
No football face protector should have less two bars
What is unique about the type of bacteria that causes MRSA?
It is caused by a strain of staph bacteria that's become resistant to the antibiotics commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections.
What are the 5 signs of wound infection? In addition, what may form due to an accumulation of white blood cells?
Signs of Wound Infection:
Pain
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Disordered Function
Collection of white blood cells: pus
While at football practice, a 300 pound offensive lineman suddenly collapses. You approach him and find his skin flushed, red hot, and dry. He is breathing shallowly with a strong and rapid pulse. You take a rectal temperature and his body temp is above 104 degrees.
What heat illness is this athlete suffering from? What steps do you take in providing initial care?
Exertional Heat Stroke.
Immediate cold water immersion and continue to monitor his body temperature.
Call 911 and transport to hospital once his body temperature has lowered.
Why does the body shiver? At what temperature does shivering stop?
While shivering, the contracting and relaxing of our muscles creates heat to warm our organs and prevent hypothermia.
Shivering stops when body temperature is below 85-90 degrees.
A device most often worn by hockey and lacrosse goalies and baseball catchers. It prevents injuries that are rare, but that can be deadly.
Throat Protector