Photosynthesis
The green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy.
Chlorophyll
This is the term for a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed.
What is an enzyme?
The full name of the molecule abbreviated as ATP.
What is adenosine triphosphate?
The organelle known as the "powerhouse of the cell" where most of cellular respiration occurs.
What is the mitochondria?
The basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
What is a cell?
This is the primary organelle where photosynthesis takes place in a plant cell.
Chloroplast
The specific region on an enzyme where a substrate binds.
What is the active site?
The energy in an ATP molecule is stored in the bonds between these three groups.
What are phosphate groups?
The process that breaks down glucose in the cytoplasm, producing a small amount of ATP without oxygen.
What is glycolysis?
The term for a cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
The two main products of photosynthesis are glucose and this gas.
Oxygen
Enzymes work by lowering this, which is the energy required to start a chemical reaction.
What is activation energy?
A molecule with only two phosphate groups, often described as a "discharged" battery.
What is ADP (adenosine diphosphate)?
This is the total number of ATP molecules that can be generated from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration.
What is 36–38 ATP?
All the chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life.
What is metabolism?
The process where plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy is called this.
Photosynthesis
This is the name for the molecule upon which an enzyme acts.
What is a substrate?
This is the process where a phosphate group is added to ADP to create ATP.
What is phosphorylation?
The three main stages of aerobic cellular respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and this final stage.
What is the electron transport chain?
The process of maintaining a stable internal environment in a changing external environment.
What is homeostasis?
The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoids, while the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle, occur in this fluid-filled space within the chloroplast.
Stroma
The process by which an enzyme loses its specific shape and becomes nonfunctional, often due to extreme temperature or pH.
What is denaturation?
When a cell needs energy, a phosphate group is removed from ATP in this type of reaction, releasing energy and forming ADP.
What is hydrolysis?
In the absence of oxygen, some organisms perform this process after glycolysis to produce ATP and either lactic acid or ethanol.
: What is fermentation?
The two main types of nucleic acids that store genetic information and are involved in protein synthesis.
What are DNA and RNA?