Cell Basics
These four components are found in all cells
cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes
This organelle stores DNA and controls the cell’s activities and gene expression
nucleus
The structure of the cell membrane is made of what
phospholipid bilayer
Molecules that bind to receptors to trigger a response.
ligands
essential, double-membraned organelles in eukaryotic cells, known as the "powerhouses" because they generate most of the cell's energy (ATP)
mitochondria
The reason cells are small rather than large
surface area to volume ratio for efficient transport
These tiny structures are found in all cells and build proteins
ribosomes
Type of transport that requires energy to move molecules against a concentration gradient
active transport
A specialized protein or cell that detects and binds to specific signaling molecules initiating a response within the cell/organism
receptor
Organelle in plants that captures sunlight using chlorophyll to make chemical energy (glucose)
chloroplast
This type of cell has no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
prokaryotic cell
This organelle modifies, packages, and ships proteins and lipids
Golgi apparatus
Movement of substances into the cell via vesicles is called
endocytosis
Three steps of cellular signaling in order
reception, transduction, response
This theory says that mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes and were once prokaryotes
endosymbiotic theory
The basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms
cell
Large storage organelle in plant cells that holds water, nutrients, and waste
vacuole
This is a type of passive transport where molecules need help from membrane proteins
facilitated diffusion
Series of molecular events inside a cell that amplifies a signal
signaling cascade
Movement of large molecules out of the cell via vesicles
exocytosis
The domain that includes plants, animals, fungi, and protists contains this type of cell
eukaryotic cell
They act like the cell's "stomach," breaking down unwanted materials into reusable components
lysosomes
True/False:
Pinocytosis is "cell drinking" (ingesting liquid) while phagocytosis is "cell eating" (engulfing large particles)
True
the process where a cell converts one type of energy or signal into another
transduction
Cells use this process to absorb nutrients, remove waste, eliminate pathogens, communicate with other cells, and maintain membrane size
endocytosis