Cholesterol
What organ in the human body produces cholesterol?
The Liver
Where is the genetic material of an organism kept?
The genetic information of an organism is kept in its nucleus.
What is an amino acid and what does it determine?
an amino acid is a building block of proteins. It determines how a protein will fold, the shape it will take, and thus its function.
What is the building block of DNA?
nucleotides
What type of macromolecule is cholesterol?
What do receptor proteins do?
Receptor proteins recieve specific signals that match with their receptors.
Where are proteins made (synthesized)?
Proteins are made in the ribosome!
What is the shape of DNA
Double Helix
What do we call an accumulation of cholesterol over time? Where are these accumulations found?
These accumulations are called plaques. They build up over time in the bloodstream (i.e arteries)
Cell Membrane
What is the role of mRNA
mRNA carries the genetic instructions for proteins outside of the nucleus and into the ribosome
What are the 4 nucleotide base pairs and which ones align with each other in opposite DNA strands? (Which bases link with each other)
A,C,G,T
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine
A goes with T
C goes with G
After coming back from a doctor's appointment where she has been told she has high cholesterol, Ms. Hultman wants to make some changes to her diet. She thinks cutting out unhealthy food like bacon, soda, olive oil, and eggs will help her prevent high cholesterol in the future. Which of these foods should she correctly cut out to lower her cholesterol?
She should cut out: bacon and eggs
she is wrong about: soda and olive oil
True or False:
When DNA is used to make proteins, it goes to the ribosomes to determine amino acid sequence.
False. DNA CANNOT leave the nucleus. Instead mRNA copies the message, and takes it to ribosomes to guide protein synthesis
Using your Codon Charts: Provide the sequence of amino acids that will be made from this DNA sequence:
TACACACAAACGGGG
First break it up into three's
TAC ACA CAA ACG GGG
Next use the chart
Tyrosine - Cysteine - Valine - Cysteine - Proline
True or False:
Every change to the DNA sequence of a gene changes the amino acid sequence it produces.
False. Since some groups of bases code for the same amino acids, there are times when a change in a base will not change the amino acid that is being used.
What are the two molecules that deliver cholesterol in the blood stream and where do they bring it to?
LDL: delivers to the cells
HDL: delivers back to the bloodstream/liver
What would happen to your body cells if LDL Receptors changed their shape?
Shape change of a receptor would inhibit their function. Since they cannot uptake LDL, LDL would not enter the cells. This means the cells are not getting the proper amount of cholesterol that they need for cellular processes.
What does the Regulatory region of a gene tell the cell about the protein being produced?
It tells the cell how much to make and when to make it.
List these terms in the order of least complex to most complex:
DNA
chromosome
gene region
nucleotide
gene
Nucleotide --> DNA --> Gene Region --> Gene --> Chromosome