Day 1
What is metabolism
All of the chemical and physical reactions happening inside the cell
What are the pairings of the nucleotides?
adenine and thymine pair and cytosine and guanine pair
What enzyme is responsible for building new DNA strands?
DNA Polymerase
Why do bacteria need genetic diversity?
Adapt to: temp, pH, salt, radiation, antibiotics, host
What are the 3 strategies to get energy
Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation
What is recombination
The process by which DNA is getting rearranged
Why is DNA replication important?
It ensures each new cell gets an identical copy of DNA
List all the types of mutation
Silent, missense, nonsense, and frameshift
In aerobic respiration, what is the 3rd step, and what is being released
The 3rd step is the citric acid cycle, and being released is a lot of NADH, some ATP, and CO2
Name the 3 methods of repair mechanisms
Simple transposition, replicative transposition, and retroreanspostion
What type of RNA is made for protein coding?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
What happens on head on collisons
DNA polymerase gets kicked off, a bump causes replication errors, and heavy tension can break DNA
Why do cells use fermentation?
Cells use fermentation to regenerate NAD⁺, which allows glycolysis to keep producing ATP when oxygen is not available
What is conjugation
DNA passed by physical contact
Where does translation occur?
At the ribosome
What is proofreading
Done by DNA polymerase
What are common products of fermentation?
Products include lactic acid (in muscles/yogurt) and ethanol + CO2 (in bread and alcohol)
What's transformation
Grabbing DNA from the environment, they have to be ready to pick up DNA
What molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA (transfer RNA)
What is an SOS response
Shut down replication and call all the help in