Reconstruction
How did the Freedman's Bureau help formerly enslaved people?
Gave food, clothing, healthcare, and legal advice, started schools.
The 13th Amendment abolished slavery except in cases of...
incarceration (prison)
What was the type of CLAUSE that got white people get out of paying poll taxes and passing literacy tests?
grandfather clause (you were exempted if you or your ancestors had already voted before 1865)
The Gold Rush
After European contact, most natives died of what?
disease
What were some of the things black people could be arrested for under Vagrancy Laws (also called Black Codes)?
hanging out, not working for white people, having white friends or relationships
Name 2 things the 14th Amendment established.
birthright citizenship regardless of race, equal protection for everyone under the law, states can't take away life, liberty, or property without due process of law
What white supremacist hate group used violence to stop African Americans from voting?
The Ku Klux Klan
Who did ranchers hire to drive cattle to railways to sell on the east coast?
cowboys; a significant number were African American and Mexican-American
What is a reservation?
government land set apart for Native Americans; usually not great land
What were Black Codes?
discriminatory laws passed by Southern states to limit freedom for former slaves
Which amendment gave voting rights to all male citizens regardless of race?
15th Amendment
What was share cropping, and how did it keep African Americans from success?
renting out farmland and paying for it with crops; kept people in a cycle of debt
What did the Homestead Act of 1862 offer settlers?
land in exchange for farming it for 5 years
What was the Trail of Tears?
forced march of Cherokees from Georgia to Oklahoma killing about 25% of them
Why did Congress take Reconstruction over from President Andrew Johnson?
He was too lenient on the South and did not allow black men to vote
13th, 14th, 15th
What Supreme Court case said that segregation was ok as long as facilities were "separate but equal"
Plessy v. Ferguson
What is one example of the U.S. government trying to assimilate Native Americans?
boarding schools, the Dawes Act (selling land to individual families instead of tribes)
What were the 2 phases of reconstruction, and which was stricter for the South?
presidential and congressional; congressional was much stricter
For the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendment: which amendment was passed under presidential reconstruction and which 2 were passed under congressional reconstruction?
congressional--14th & 15th
What were Northerners moving to the South after the Civil War called?
carpetbaggers
What is phrase that describes the belief that the US was ordained by God to expand across the continent?
Manifest Destiny
Which U.S. president was most associated with the removal of Native Americans to western territories?
Andrew Jackson