Chapter 11
Which part of the hair extends above the skin surface?
Hair shaft
The shaft is the visible portion of the hair above the skin.
What is the main purpose of skin analysis?
Guide a safe, individualized treatment and home-care plan
Analysis connects observations and client history to appropriate esthetic care.
What is the main purpose of a professional facial consultation?
Plan appropriate care based on goals, history, and contraindications
Consultation guides an individualized treatment rather than an automatic routine
What is a realistic goal of cosmetic facial massage?
Support relaxation and temporary improvement in tissue comfort
Massage may promote relaxation and comfort without guaranteeing medical or permanent structural effects
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and occupies space
Matter includes solids, liquids, gases, and other physical forms.
Which part of the hair is located below the skin surface?
Hair root
The root lies within the follicle beneath the surface
Which information belongs in the initial consultation?
Health history, medications, allergies, current products, and goals
Relevant history helps identify contraindications, sensitivities, and priorities.
Before the client enters, which preparation is appropriate?
Prepare a clean, disinfected work area with protected supplies
Treatment setup should reduce contamination and support an organized service.
What should occur before beginning facial massage?
Assess suitability, obtain consent, and explain the planned touch
Massage requires screening and ongoing consent
Which particle has a positive electrical charge?
Proton
Protons are positively charged particles in atomic nuclei
Which structure supplies nourishment to the growing hair through its blood supply?
Dermal papilla
The dermal papilla at the base of the follicle supports the growing hair
Why should a returning client's history be updated?
Medications, procedures, health, and product use may have changed
New information can change the suitability of a service
What is the primary purpose of proper draping?
Protect clothing and privacy while exposing only the treatment area
Draping supports comfort, dignity, and practical protection
Which factor should guide the pressure used during facial massage?
Skin condition, tissue response, technique, and client comfort
Pressure must be individualized and remain comfortable and appropriate
Which particle has a negative electrical charge?
Electron
Electrons carry negative charge around the nucleus
Which cells divide to produce the growing hair?
Matrix cells in the hair bulb
Actively dividing matrix cells form new hair cells
What is a contraindication?
A factor that makes a treatment inadvisable or requires modification
Contraindications can apply to the whole service or a particular technique or area
Before changing a client's position, what should the esthetician do?
Explain the change and help within the client's comfort and mobility needs
Communication and accommodation improve safety and accessibility
Which movement consists of light, continuous gliding or stroking?
Effleurage
Effleurage uses smooth strokes and is commonly used for spreading medium and transitions
Which particle has no electrical charge?
Neutron
Neutrons are electrically neutral particles in atomic nuclei
Which layer forms the outer protective covering of a hair?
Cuticle
The hair cuticle consists of overlapping protective cells
Which statement best distinguishes skin type from skin condition?
Type reflects more persistent characteristics; conditions can fluctuate
Oil production and other enduring traits differ from variable states such as dehydration.
What is a main purpose of the initial cleansing step?
Remove makeup, surface oil, and debris
Cleansing prepares the skin for analysis and subsequent steps
Which movement primarily involves kneading, lifting, or compressing soft tissue?
Petrissage
Petrissage is a kneading and lifting movement adapted to suitable tissues
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of an element retaining that element's chemical identity
Atoms are the basic units of chemical elements