Explorers
Who was Columbus?
Columbus discovered America
Columbus sailed in 1492
What continents are considered the "New World"
North and South America
This "three-legged" sea route connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas exchanging goods, enslaved humans, and cash crops
Triangular Trade
These three words represent the primary economic, political, and religious motives for European explorers to colonize the New World
Gold, God, and Glory
This generic Spanish term refers to the knights, soldiers, and explorers such as Cortes, who led military expeditions to conquer the Americas
Conquistador
Who was Magellan?
The first person to Circumnavigate the globe
What was the "Silent Killer" for Native Americans?
Disease (Small Pox, etc.).
This middle leg of the Triangular Trade was the forced voyage of millions of Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World
What is the Middle Passage
This imaginary meridian line, drawn up by the Pope and finalized in a treaty, divided all newly discovered global lands between Spain and Portugal
Line of Demarcation
This person was the leader of the Aztec Empire, and was held captive for ransom before being killed during the Spanish conquest of Mexico
Montezuma (ii)
Who was Henry Hudson?
An English explorer who sought to find the "North West Passage"
Watermelon, Sugar, Apples, Rice, and Beets come from what "World"
The Old World
To maximize profits, European powers stopped using expensive hired workers and shifted to enslaved labor to grow these types of non-essential, profit-driven crops
Cash Crops
An economic disaster where the value of money plummeted and prices skyrocketed. Spain suffered from this due to the influx of silver and gold from colonization.
Hyperinflation
This European nations was the first to settle in the region of modern-day Manhatten.
The Netherlands (the Dutch)
Who was Vespucci
An Italian explorer that North and South America were named after
Name 2 cash crops that Europeans mass planted for profit
Tobacco, Sugar, Coffee, Cacao, Cotton
This ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo traded slaves to the Europeans for weapons and money
Who is King Afonso
What was the treaty called that divided up the world between Spain and Portugal, ordained by the Pope?
The Treaty of Tordesillas
This was the specific Caribbean island where Columbus established his very first permanent colony for Spain.
Hispaniola
Who was Cartier?
A French explorer that founded Quebec and Montreal.
French explorer who established France in Canada
French explorer who set up the Fur Trade for France
(One of these)
What were the pros and cons of the Colombian Exchange?
Pros: New staple crops, expanded global trade networks, diversified diets, created the modern cuisine.
Cons: Millions died from Afro-Eurasian diseases which Native Americans had no immunity to, and the rampant increase in slavery.
What was the "Gun-Slave Cycle?"
A destructive loop of trade between European merchants and African kingdoms. Weapons were traded for slaves.
Caused African nations to go to war with one another for captives. African nations either had to get guns from Europeans or be conquered and enslaved by their armed rivals.
This economic theory drove European nations to use their colonies strictly as a source of cheap raw materials and an explosive market to sell manufactured goods.
Mercantilism
What is the difference between the West and East Indies (Geographically)?
West Indies are the Caribbean and East Indies are in Indonesia (Spice Islands)