Unit 2 and 3, DBQ Jeopardy Template

Unit 2 Knowledge

Unit 3 Knowledge

SAQ 2

SAQ 3

Analyze Sourcing/ DBQ Rubric

100

THE TRIUMPH OF DEATH, ANONYMOUS PAINTING FROM FIFTEENTH-CENTURY SICILY

Scala/Art Resource, NY

The ﬁgures in the foreground represent the clergy, nobility, and townspeople.

The scene depicted in the painting is best understood in the context of which of the following wider Afro-Eurasian developments?

A. The collapse of papal authority

B. The diffusion of artistic traditions

C. The spread of epidemic diseases

D. The revival of classical architecture

C. The spread of epidemic diseases

100

The changes depicted in Map 1 were mostly a result of which of the following?

A. The Ottoman alliance with France against rival Christian powers

B. The decline of surrounding empires and the Ottoman Empire’s use of gunpowder weapons

C. The Ottoman Empire’s unrivaled naval superiority in the Mediterranean

D.The power vacuum left by the collapse of the Umayyad caliphate

B. The decline of surrounding empires and the Ottoman Empire’s use of gunpowder weapons

100

Identify ONE specific historical example of a cultural exchange between nomads and non-nomads that occurred in the period before 1450. (C&E)

· Cultural exchanges between nomads and non-nomads included the spread of stirrups and gunpowder.

· Contact with nomadic peoples led the Song dynasty of China to use war horses from Central Asia.

· The spread of religions such as Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, or Zoroastrianism across Central Asia in the period before 1450 was facilitated by contact between nomadic and non-nomadic societies along the Silk Roads.

100

Q: Identify ONE purpose of the decree. (P)

“The greater and lesser daimyo [lords] of the provinces and all their salaried officials must speedily expel any soldiers in their service who have been accused of rebellion or murder. . . . Any repairs to castles in the provinces must be reported to the government of the shogun [ruler of Japan], as well as any new construction, which is strictly forbidden. Walls extending more than a certain distance are a peril to the state. High fortresses and well-dredged moats are the origins of great turmoil. . . . [When reporting for duty] daimyo with larger estates should not be escorted by more than twenty mounted warriors. Daimyo with smaller estates should reduce their escort proportionally.”

Decree issued by the newly established Tokugawa Shogunate concerning the regulation of warrior households, Japan, 1615

· The purpose of the decree was to limit the ability of the daimyo to challenge the shogun.

· One purpose of the decree was to prevent the daimyo from building large armies and constructing massive fortifications that would be difficult for the shogun and his forces to overcome.

· One purpose of the decree was to limit the number of soldiers who served outside of the shogun’s armies.

· The purpose of the decree was to guarantee that the shogun and his supporters held the most powerful and unrivaled military force in Japan.

100

How many points is the new 2020 DBQ worth?

200

The photograph above of a mosque (first erected in the fourteenth century) in the modern-day West African country of Mali best exemplifies which of the following historical processes?

A. Imposition of religion through military conquest

B. Spread of religion along trade routes

C. Abandonment of indigenous cultural styles in the face of colonization

D. Conflict between local and universalizing religions

B. Spread of religion along trade routes

200

Which of the following was a method rulers in Eurasia used to legitimize and consolidate their power during the period 1450 C.E. to 1750 C.E.?

A. Developing professional militaries

B. Promoting free trade

C. Adopting the religious practices of minority groups

D. Enacting reforms to decrease economic and social inequalities

A. Developing professional militaries

200

Q: Describe the historical situation in which Conrad of Megenberg wrote his book. (HD)

“It does not seem to me that the Jewish people can be the cause of this general epidemic throughout the whole world, as many suggest. My reasoning is as follows.

First, it is well-known that in most places where the Jewish people dwelled, they died in droves from the exact same disease as the Christians. If they really caused the epidemic, they would not have killed themselves and others of their faith.

Second, many people say that the Jews poisoned the wells, causing the disease. This also seems doubtful, because after the wells full of polluted water had been purified, the people still died in great numbers. Further, in cities that use water only from great rivers like the Danube, the inhabitants have also died in large numbers.

Moreover, even after all the Jews in many places had been killed and were completely driven out for nearly two years prior, the disease now strikes these same places just as powerfully as before.”

Conrad of Megenberg, German philosopher and theologian educated at the University of Paris, Concerning the Mortality in Germany, book written in Latin, 1350

When Conrad of Megenberg wrote his book, European populations were being decimated by the Black Death.

...during a period when an increase in commerce along the Silk Roads also led to the spread of epidemic diseases.

...during a period when the Church was very powerful and most of Europe was Christian.

....during a period of relative decentralization and fragmentation in Europe.

....at a time when the Black Death encouraged the development of apocalyptic Christian religious movements, many of whose leaders blamed Jews for spreading the disease.

200

Q: Identify ONE purpose of the speech. (P)

“It is true that if men were good and perfect, they would never take up arms for the sake of religion. Yet, we cannot deny that religion, good or bad, can arouse men’s passions more than anything else. No belief penetrates more deeply into the hearts of men than religion or divides them more widely from each other. Indeed, an Englishman and a Frenchman of the same faith are closer in friendship than two Frenchmen from the same city, subject to the same lord, who have different faiths. Religious difference can deter the subject from obeying his king and can produce rebellion.

For this reason, we must remove this evil and remedy it through a religious council of the kingdom so that we may not bring war into the kingdom through rebellion. If the decline of our church has given birth to heresies, then its reform may serve to extinguish them. We must henceforth assail our religious enemies with the proper weapons of religious conflict: charity, prayer, persuasion, and the word of God. Let us banish those devilish names— ‘Lutheran,’ ‘Huguenot,’ ‘Papist’— that breed only faction and sedition. Let us retain only one name: ‘Christian.’”

Michel de L’Hôpital, Catholic chancellor of the kingdom of France, speech to the Estates-General (parliament) of the city of Orléans, France, 1560

· The purpose of the speech was to prevent religious rebellion in France.

· One purpose of de L’Hôpital’s speech was to gather support for a religious council in France.

· One purpose of de L’Hôpital’s speech was to reform the Catholic Church by calling a religious council.

· One purpose of de L’Hôpital’s speech was to foster religious unity in France.

· One purpose of de L’Hôpital’s speech was to create a sense of Christian unity in France despite religious differences.

200

What are 3 categories on the DBQ Rubric and how much are they worth?

Thesis- 1

Contextualization- 1

Evidence- 3

Evidence Beyond the documents- 2

Analysis- 2

Complexity- 1

300

Which of the following contributed most directly to an increase in trade along the routes on the map?

A. The expansion of empires such as Mali in West Africa

B. The expansion of the Mongol Empire across Eurasia

C. The start of the Protestant Reformation in western Europe

D. The completion of the Christian Reconquista of Spain

A. The expansion of empires such as Mali in West Africa

300

ILLUSTRATION IN A MANUSCRIPT WRITTEN TO CELEBRATE THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE OTTOMAN SULTAN SULEIMAN THE MAGNIFICENT, CIRCA 1560

Paul Fearn / Alamy Stock Photo

The image shows Ottoman officials forcibly enlisting boys from the empire’s Christian subjects in the Balkans to train them for service in the Ottoman army and bureaucracy.

The inclusion of the image in the manuscript best illustrates which of the following features of the period 1450–1750 ?

A. Rulers using art as a way to communicate with their illiterate subjects

B. Rulers using art to expand their territories

C. Rulers using art as a way to increase literacy

D. Rulers using art to legitimize their rule

300

Identify ONE way in which the spread of Buddhism in the period before 1450 C.E. illustrates a continuity in patterns of cultural diffusion. (CCOT)

• As with Christianity and Islam, missionaries played a vital role in spreading Buddhism in Afro-Eurasia in the period before 1450 c.e.

• Merchants and commercial activity played a vital role in spreading Buddhism in Afro-Eurasia in the period before 1450 c.e., as they did in spreading other cultural traditions such as Christianity and Islam.

• The ability of Buddhism to adapt to cultural environments outside of South Asia by adopting the ideas of other cultural traditions such as Daoism and Shinto played a vital role in spreading Buddhism in Afro-Eurasia in the period before 1450 c.e. The ability to adapt to new cultural environments and adopt the ideas of other cultural traditions was also important in the spread of other cultural traditions such as Christianity and Islam.

300

Q: Identifies ONE historical development that may have influenced the views expressed in the speech. (HD)

Michel de L’Hôpital, Catholic chancellor of the kingdom of France, speech to the Estates-General (parliament) of the city of Orléans, France, 1560

· The Protestant Reformation likely influenced de L’Hôpital’s speech.

· The religious wars that emerged as a result of the Protestant Reformation likely influenced de L’Hôpital’s speech.

· The spread of Calvinism into France likely influenced de L’Hôpital’s speech.

· The growing desire of Catholic advisors at the French royal court and among the French nobility to suppress the Huguenot community in France through violence likely influenced de L’Hôpital’s speech because he was afraid that it would lead to civil war in France.

300

Which of the following was the most likely purpose of the portraits of the emperor?

Image 1

MUGHAL EMPEROR JAHANGIR HOLDING A GLOBE, SOUTH ASIA, 1617

Courtesy of Sotheby’s Picture Library

Image 2

MUGHAL EMPEROR JAHANGIR HOLDING A PICTURE OF THE VIRGIN MARY, SOUTH ASIA, 1620

Jahangir holding a picture of the Madonna, inscribed in Persian: Jahangir Shah, Mughal, 1620

To glorify his rule through the sponsorship of artworks. Mughal rulers often sponsored works of art and architecture to illustrate their power and glorify their rule.

400

SAILING SHIP ON THE INDIAN OCEAN CARRYING PILGRIMS TO MECCA, MINIATURE ILLUSTRATION FROM A THIRTEENTH-CENTURY ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPT

Abu Zayd and Al-Harith sailing, miniature from Maqamat of al-Hariri (1054–1122)

The illustration would be most useful to a historian studying which of the following?

A. Transportation and maritime technologies

B. Large-scale trading organizations

C. Geographic patterns of currents and winds in the Indian Ocean

D. The expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate

A. Transportation and maritime technologies

400

Which of the following was the most likely purpose of the portraits of the emperor?

A. To demonstrate the Mughal Empire’s conversion to Islam

B. To honor the continued influence of Hellenistic art forms in India

C. To represent the Mughal belief in the emperor’s divinity

D. To glorify his rule through the sponsorship of artworks

Image 1

MUGHAL EMPEROR JAHANGIR HOLDING A GLOBE, SOUTH ASIA, 1617

Courtesy of Sotheby’s Picture Library

Image 2

MUGHAL EMPEROR JAHANGIR HOLDING A PICTURE OF THE VIRGIN MARY, SOUTH ASIA, 1620

Jahangir holding a picture of the Madonna, inscribed in Persian: Jahangir Shah, Mughal, 1620

D. To glorify his rule through the sponsorship of artworks

400

Q: Identify ONE likely purpose for the inclusion of Image 1 in the manuscript. (P)

ILLUSTRATION SHOWING ASTRONOMERS EMPLOYED BY THE MONGOL ILKHANS OF PERSIA MAKING CALCULATIONS, CHARTING THEIR OBSERVATIONS, AND USING ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS, EARLY FOURTEENTH CENTURY

The illustration was included in a world history manuscript that was produced for the Mongol court.

· The image was likely included in the manuscript in order to demonstrate the cultural sophistication of the Mongols.

· The image was probably included in the manuscript to glorify Mongol rule.

· The most likely reason that the image was included in the manuscript was to boost the legitimacy of the Ilkhanid Mongol court in the eyes of the Persian Muslim elites.

400

Q: Identify ONE reason that Abu’l Fazl’s introduction may NOT be a completely objective and historically accurate source for the motivations behind Akbar’s policies. (POV)

“The generous heart of the Emperor is temperamentally inclined towards the well-being of all classes of people friend and foe; relatives and strangers are all equal in his farsighted view. This equal consideration for all is the best method for the physicians of bodies, and should be highly appropriate for the physician of the soul as well. Why should this beneficence then not be the distinctive feature of His Excellency, the chief physician of the chronic ailments of the human soul? He has noticed the increasing conflict between the different sects of Muslims on the one hand and the Jews and the Hindus on the other—the sagacious mind of His Excellency then decided to arrange the translations of the sacred books of all the communities in the empire, so that with the blessing of the most revered and perfect soul of the age, they both refrain from indulging in hostility and disputes.”

Abu’l Fazl ibn Mubarak, grand vizier to the Mughal emperor Akbar, introduction to a Persian translation of the Mahabharata, a Hindu sacred text, sixteenth century India

· Abu’l Fazl’s introduction was not objective or likely accurate because he was an imperial official and may have been trying to please the ruler by presenting a one-sided version of the events.

· Abu’l Fazl’s introduction was not objective or likely accurate because he held the most prominent position in the Mughal bureaucracy and may have wanted to emphasize his own contributions to the events he describes.

· Abu’l Fazl’s introduction was not objective or likely accurate because he depended on Akbar for his position at court and would have been afraid to anger the emperor.

400

Q: The introduction by the griot is intended to serve which of the following purposes?

“I am a griot … we are vessels of speech; we are the repositories which harbor secrets many centuries old. Without us the names of kings would vanish into oblivion. We are the memory of mankind; by the spoken word we bring to life the deeds and exploits of kings for younger generations. … I teach kings the history of their ancestors so that the lives of the ancients might serve them as an example, for the world is old, but the future springs from the past.”

An African griot (storyteller), circa 1950, introducing the oral epic of King Sundiata of Mali, composed circa 1400 C.E.

To establish the griot’s authority by connecting him to the past

500

Image 1

WOOD PRINTING PLATE CONTAINING A PAPER MONEY NOTE WRITTEN IN MONGOL AND CHINESE, PRODUCED IN CHINA, CIRCA 1287

Pictures from History/Bridgeman Images

The smaller Chinese characters on the lower half of the note say, “This note can be circulated in various provinces without expiration dates. Counterfeiters will be put to death.”

Image 2

“MONEYLENDING AT INTEREST IN A BANKING HOUSE,” THE TREATISE ON THE SEVEN SINS, MANUSCRIPT PRODUCED IN GENOA, NORTHERN ITALY, EARLY FOURTEENTH CENTURY

Heritage Image Partnership Ltd / Alamy Stock Photo

The Latin text in the upper left-hand corner warns against greed.

The commercial practices shown in the images emerged in order to

A. facilitate the development of regional trade networks by creating uniform currencies and systems of credit.

B. finance imperial conquests by supplying credit and currency for purchasing weapons.

C. facilitate a growing trade in luxury goods by providing greater access to credit and currency.

D. finance transnational Chinese artisan businesses across Eurasia by diversifying sources of credit and currency.

C. facilitate a growing trade in luxury goods by providing greater access to credit and currency.

As the volume and profitability of long-distance trade in Eurasia continued to grow, merchants and governments sought ways to facilitate the increased commerce. Banks gave merchants greater access to credit and paper currency was introduced by in the eleventh century to allow merchants to carry money more easily and thereby encourage greater commercial activity. The Mongol Yuan dynasty under the emperor Khubilai Khan adopted the paper currency system in large part to finance the extensive commercial networks that were supported by the Yuan government.

500

“Many [Ottoman] Sunni religious scholars have labeled the Sufi whirling rituals* as ‘dancing,’ and have pronounced them forbidden, branding those who approve of them as infidels. The Sufis counter that these rituals are not dancing, arguing instead that they enliven the soul through a combination of music and movement, which, they say, allows them to focus on the spiritual aspects of religion. The common people flock to the Sufis, giving them offerings and gifts. Since their whirling rituals play a big part in their popularity, they will not abandon these practices anytime soon. The Sunni scholars have written many tracts and opinions against them . . . and this tug-of-war between the two parties has brought them into a vicious circle.”

*religious observances practiced by some Sufis in the Ottoman Empire

Katip Çelebi, Ottoman official, The Balance of Truth, philosophical and scientific treatise, 1656

Which of the following most directly strengthened Sunni religious scholars’ role as official interpreters of Islamic doctrine within the Ottoman Empire, as suggested by the passage?

A. The establishment of the Mughal Empire in India

B. The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople

C. Ottoman sultans’ extensive conquests in Europe

D. The Ottoman Empire’s rivalry with the Safavid Empire

D. The Ottoman Empire’s rivalry with the Safavid Empire.

Conflicts with the Shi‘a Safavid Empire, fueled by religious differences, led Sunni scholars in the Ottoman Empire to attempt to enforce stricter adherence to Sunni orthodoxy, contributing to their critical views of Sufism.

500

Identify ONE way that trade in the Indian Ocean in the period 1200–1450 led to political change. (C&E)

AND

Identify ONE way that trade in the Indian Ocean in the period 1200–1450 led to cultural change. (C&E)

Political Change

· Indian Ocean trade influenced the development of states in the period 1200–1450 because it allowed those states to grow wealthier and expand in some cases.

· State development was influenced by Indian Ocean trade because new trading cities emerged.

· States such as Srivijaya and Egypt were able to expand their wealth and influence through Indian Ocean trade.

Cultural Change

· Trade in the Indian Ocean influenced cultural change in the period 1200–1450 because indigenous communities’ cultural traditions were often influenced by the cultural traditions of diasporic merchant communities.

· Muslim merchant communities established themselves in southern India and spread Islam.

· The Arabic and Persian languages spread with increased trade

· Commercial contacts in the Indian Ocean region helped spread Chinese methods of shipbuilding and design among Indian Ocean merchants.

500

Q: Identify ONE way in which the interaction depicted in the image represents a continuity in Chinese imperial history. (CCOT)

DETAIL IMAGE FROM A SCROLL PAINTED DURING THE SONG DYNASTY, CIRCA 1100 C.E.

The Granger Collection, New York

The image shows (on left) Guo Ziyi, a Chinese general of the Tang dynasty, meeting with Uighur nomads on the frontier of China.

The Chinese imperial state, from the Han to the Tang, and, to some extent the Song, as it sought to expand its empire, came into contact with nomadic peoples from whom they continued to demand tribute and submission.

Nomadic peoples, because of their pastoral lifestyles, continued to rely on settled Chinese people for finished goods and products that they were unable to produce themselves.

Chinese imperial power, both economic and military, forced nearby nomadic peoples to submit, kowtow, and give tribute to the Chinese state throughout the period from the Han to the Tang and, to some extent, the Song dynasty.

The Chinese imperial belief in their own cultural superiority led them to consistently depict nomadic peoples as inferior and needing to submit.

Respectful relationships, identified in the drawing, between nomads and the Chinese represented Confucian ideals that were a continuity in imperial China.

500

Q: The purpose of Ibn Battuta’s account was most likely to....

After leaving India, we arrived in Sumatra. It is a fertile area, in which coco-palm, clove, Indian aloe, mango, and sweet orange trees grow. Local commerce is facilitated by tin and Chinese gold. The sultan was informed of our visit and sent the judge and experts on Islamic law to meet me. The sultan is an illustrious and generous ruler and a patron of religious scholars. He is constantly waging war against the non-Muslims of Sumatra, but is a humble man who walks on foot to Friday prayers. The non-Muslims of the area must pay a poll-tax to obtain peace.

One Friday after leaving the mosque, the sultan mounted an elephant and we and his entourage rode with him on horses until we reached the palace. Male musicians came into the audience hall and sang before him, after which they led horses into the hall. The horses were embroidered in silk and wore golden anklets and danced before the sultan. I was astonished, even though I had seen the same performance at the court of the Delhi sultan in India*. My stay at the sultan’s court lasted fifteen days, after which I asked his permission to continue my journey to China because it is not possible to sail to China at all times of the year.

We then traveled to a kingdom on the Malay Peninsula aboard a Chinese ship. This kingdom is inhabited by non-Muslims and contains great quantities of aromatic spices and aloes. The merchants sell Indian aloe for a roll of cotton cloth, which is dearer to them than silk. The ruler is a non-Muslim. We then left the Malay Peninsula and sailed to another non-Muslim kingdom in Southeast Asia. After seventeen days at sea, with a favorable wind and sailing with maximum speed and ease, we reached the land of China.”

*The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim state in northern India that was ruled by a Turkic elite.

Ibn Battuta, Muslim traveler from North Africa, account of his journey to China, circa 1345

inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he visited.

Ibn Battuta’s larger work is a record of all his travels in Africa and Asia and describes the different aspects of the many societies he visited to his largely Muslim audience.