General
Prenatal
Infancy
Early childhood
Prenatal Risk Factors
100

How many stages are there in the lifespan that we look at?

8

100

When does the Prenatal stage start?

At fertilisation

100

What is the age range for Infancy?

Birth-2

100

What is the age range for early childhood?

2-6 years 

100

What are 'prenatal risk factors'?

Factors that can negatively impact the development of a child in any of the 3 stages of the Prenatal life stage. 

200
What are the 4 areas of development that we look at?

Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Social

200

What are the 3 stages of Prenatal development?

Germinal, Embryonic and Foetal

200

Define motor skill development and identify how this can occur during Infancy.

  • Reflexes are automatic reactions to stimulation that enable infants to respond to the environment before any learning has taken place.

  • An infant can place objects into a container and take them out and begin to do more functional activities, such as hold a spoon or turn pages in a book. In childhood, the elbow and wrist will be responsible for the main movements

  • May begin standing, kicking etc.


200

Identify 2 aspects of Physical development in the early childhood phase. 

Slow and steady growth (approx. 6cm per year).

Bones continue to lengthen and ossify.

Body fat levels decrease.

Torso and limbs become more proportionate to the head.

First set of teeth.

Gross and fine motor skill development.

200

Describe 1 way that maternal nutrition can be a prenatal risk factor.

Some foods contain the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, which can cause listeria infection and increase the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth or premature labour.

Maternal under nutrition, or mothers not consuming the correct/enough nutrients during pregnancy, can result in a higher risk of low birthweight in infants.

300
What is the age range for youth?

12-18 years of age

300

With major organs being developed during the embryonic stage, the embryo is very sensitive to environmental influences, called teratogens. Define the term ‘teratogen’ and provide two examples.

Teratogens: any factor that can cause abnormality to babies during pregnancy. 

Examples: Tobacco smoke, drug use, maternal diet, Alchohol use.

300

Outline the concept of ‘object permanence’ and describe when a child is likely to develop this

Understanding that just because something is out of direct sight, does not mean it stops existing. 

Develops this around 8 months old.

300

Provide two examples of emotional development that occur during early childhood.

Children take pride in their achievements and may want to show them off to everyone.

May show jealousy when others receive attention due to wanting to be liked.

Express feelings through play.

Begin to develop a sense of empathy and may care for people who are crying or upset. 

May use physical violence to express their frustration.

Begin to develop self concept.

300

Describe one impact of alchohol consumption on Prenatal Development.

Low birthweight

Smaller head circumference (microcephaly)

Small eyes and epicanthal folds (a skin fold of the upper eyelid

covering the inner corner of the eye)

Flattened face, including the bridge of the nose due to earlier than

normal cell changes in the baby’s face during development

Underdeveloped vertical ridges between the nose and upper lip

Smaller lower jaw

Heart defects

Restriction of movement of elbow and knees due to tightening of

ligaments, muscles, tendons and skin around the joints

400

Describe the difference between emotional and intellectual development using an example from childhood to support the response.

Teacher judgement.

400

What is the age range of the Embryonic stage?

2 weeks-8 weeks.

400

Identify one example of intellectual development that happens during the Infancy stage.

Beginning of language development.

Recognition of basic names, toys etc. (memory)

Short, but growing attention span.

400

Describe 2 benefits of social play on two areas of development.

independence, language, expressing emotions, self-control, appropriate behaviour, conflict resolution, communication skills, sharing, sense of self, social roles and behaviour, cooperation

400

Explain how tobacco smoke can impact prenatal development.

low birthweight

spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)

ectopic pregnancy

prematurity

complications of the placenta

birth defects

lung function abnormalities and respiratory conditions

perinatal mortality.

500

Relating to measures of health status, explain why the lifespan is looked at in stages.

Answer must include link to at least one measure of health status. 

Answer must refer to different stages of development or life circumstances and the way these can impact on h&w.

500

List 2 characteristics or developmental milestones for each stage of development. 

Teacher to judge.

500

Using an example, explain how 'play' contributes to one area of development during Infancy.

Teacher judgement.

500
Explain the concept of social roles and explain how these develop during early childhood.

Social roles are the expected/appropriate behaviours of certain members in communities. In early childhood, child begins to learn culturally acceptable behaviours such as listening to parents and other caregivers and not hitting others, they learn this through modelling by older counterparts and reinforcement of appropriate behaviours.

500

Identify and explain a protective factor for Prenatal development.

Antenatal care is important to monitor the health and wellbeing of the mother and baby, provide health education and advice to the mother, promote protective factors, identify any risk factors for the mother and baby, and provide medical interventions if necessary.

Balanced maternal diet prior to becoming pregnant is a protective factor, as the ongoing development of the foetus is dependent on the health and wellbeing of the embryo.

M
e
n
u