Organelles
Which organelle is the "shipping center" of the cell, organizing, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids.
Golgi Apparatus/Golgi body
These macromolecules are embedded within the bilayer to act as transporters, receptors, and enzymes.
Proteins.
The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without energy.
Simple diffusion.
Water always moves from an area of higher water potential (lower solute) to an area of ________ water potential (higher solute).
Lower.
Specialized vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes, and are responsible for intracellular digestion.
Lysosomes
This term describes the phospholipid bilayer's composition of hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails pointing inward, allowing it to interact with water inside and outside the cell.
Amphipathic.
The specific type of protein pump that moves three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell, using ATP in the process.
Sodium-potassium pump.
When a human blood cell is placed in a solution that causes it to shrivel and shrink, this type of solution is...
Hypertonic.
The highly folded membrane of this organelle (cristae) Increases surface area for electron transport chains, maximizing ATP production.
Mitochondria.
This model describes the membrane as a dynamic, moving, and diverse structure composed of phospholipids, proteins, steroids, and carbohydrates.
Fluid mosaic model.
Due to osmosis, a plant cell placed in this type of solution will experience low turgor pressure and become flaccid, as water leaves the cell.
When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the water rushes in, creating high pressure against the cell wall, this makes the cell...
Turgid.
In plant cells, this large vacuole stores nutrients, breaks down waste, and remains turgor pressure against the cell wall.
Central vacuole.
Small, nonpolar substances pass easily through the membrane, but this chemical property of the fatty acid tails stops ions and large polar molecules from passing.
Hydrophobic.
The mechanism of active transport used to move large molecules, such as hormones or waste products, out of the cell using vesicles.
Exocytosis.
Although water is polar, it can pass quickly through the phospholipid bilayer using these channel proteins.
Aquaporins.
Abundant in liver cells, this network of membranes is responsible for lipid synthesis, calcium storage, and the detoxification of drugs and poisons.
Smooth ER
At high temperatures, this steroid molecule helps stabilize the membrane, while at low temperatures, it prevents the phospholipids from packing too tightly and freezing.
Cholesterol.
While they facilitate movement down a concentration gradient, these specific transmembrane proteins are necessary for polar or charged molecules to cross the hydrophobic core of the bilayer.
Channel/carrier proteins or facilitated diffusion
When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic environment, the cell membrane shrinks away from the cell wall in a process called _____.
Plasmolysis.