Body Systems
Which body system includes a network of interconnected blood vessels and the heart?
Circulatory System
Finish the following sequence of events based on transcription and translation:
DNA --> ? --> ? --> ? --> Trait
DNA --> RNA --> Amino Acid sequence --> Protein --> Trait
What is an allele?
Different versions of the same gene.
What is a DNA point mutation?
DNA point mutations occur when a single nucleotide is changed through insertion, deletion, or substitution.
True or False: Ms. Gibbs has a twin.
TRUE
You forget to wear an ovenmit when taking out a tray from the oven and when you touch the tray you begin to feel a painful sensation, ouch! Which system is responsible for sensing that pain?
The nervous system
Transcribe the following DNA sequence:
AAT GGC CTA ATC GTC ACT GGG GAC ATT TCG TTT
UUA CCG GAU UAG CAG UGA CCC CUG UAA AGC AAA
Refer to picture for answer. According to the gene data and pedigree, how many alleles need to be inherited to have albinism?
2 alleles are needed to inherit albinism.
What is the difference between a chromosomal mutation and an aneuploidy mutation?
A chromosomal mutation is when a large segment or part of a chromosome has been changed (deleted, inverted or duplicated) and there is no change to the total number of chromosomes. However an aneuploidy mutation is when a whole chromosome has been added or is missing and therefore changes the whole number of chromosomes.
What singer holds the record for most Grammy nominations?
Beyonce, 88 nominations!!!!!!
What is the role of the respiratory system?
The function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the body and the environment.
Translate the following RNA sequence (you will need a codon wheel)
UCG UUA CAG AAA CGU GGA GGU CGA AUG GUA AUA
Ser Leu Gln Lys Arg Gly Gly Arg Met Val Ile
Alexandria's father is considered a carrier. What does that mean?
A carrier is an individual who “carries” and can pass on to its offspring an allele associated with a disease (or trait) but does not show symptoms of that disease (or features of that trait).
True or False: Once a mutation occurs, it is passed down to offspring no matter where it occurs in the body.
False. Mutations are only passed down from parent to offspring if the mutation is in the sperm or egg cell.
What is Rihanna's real name?
Robyn Fenty
What is the primary cause (initial cause) for why sickle cell anemia leads to so many different symptoms in the body?
In sickle cell anemia, sickled red blood cells get stuck in the blood vessels. This then leads to a cascade of effects that ultimately results in the symptoms of sickle cell anemia.
Why are some individuals able to taste bitter flavors while other people cannot? Root your explanation in your knowledge of protein synthesis and its impact on traits
Because of differences in the sequence of the DNA code between different individuals, some people have taste receptors that taste bitter while other people’s taste protein receptors are a different shape so they do not taste the bitter. For example, someone could have a G instead of the C in a gene responsible for taste and can taste fewer bitter flavors. It all starts with the sequence of the DNA code that makes a different RNA sequence which then changes the protein sequence and therefore a different shaped protein is made. The new protein shape doesn’t fit the bitter flavor of food particles which is why the person with the G variant cannot taste as much bitter food.
Alexandria's great grandmother is completely unaffected by sickle cell anemia and her great-grandfather has sickle cell anemia. What are the possible genotypes (allele combinations) of their offspring?
All the offspring will be carriers and have one allele for sickle cell RBC and one allele that is normal RBC.
Explain how a DNA point mutation can take place in the cell.
DNA point mutations happen spontaneously in the body, such as when a mistake happens during DNA replication. Other times, DNA point mutations are caused by environmental factors such as radiation exposure, smoking, or a poor diet. Either mechanism leads to a change in a single nucleotide point mutation.
Conde Nast sued which two rappers for using fake covers of Vogue magazine?
Drake and 21 Savage
Finish the cause and effect chart to explain one of Alexandria's symptoms of Sickle Cell Anemia: 1) Sickle blood cells are present in the body --> 2) Sickle Cells get stuck in the blood vessels --> 3) Describe next effects --> 4) Symptom of Sickle Cell (Stroke, Double Vision, Pain, Shortness of Breath/Fatigue)
About half of all cases of deafness in babies can be traced to the protein “connexin 26.” This protein is coded for by a gene called GJB2 and deafness has been connected to a deletion DNA point mutation in this gene. Using the model that is shown to you, explain why babies born with this mutation experience deafness.
The protein connexin 26 shape is changed in this section of the ear. Because of the change, potassium (K+) does not fit into the connexin 26 protein and cannot enter this part of the ear and make it to the hair cells. Because there is no potassium near the hair cells, the vibrations of the hair cells do not get translated into a neural signal and without this signal, sound is not heard.
Huntington's disease is a rare disorder that causes progressive breakdown of the brain. Jessica's mom has one allele for Huntington's and one allele that is normal. Jessica's father has no alleles for Huntington's disease. Jessica has Huntington's disease. How is this possible and what alleles must she have inherited from each parent?
It's possible because you only need one allele to inherit Huntington's disease. Jessica must have inherited the Huntington's allele from her mom and even though the allele from her dad was normal, that one allele was enough to give her the disease.
Colby was diagnosed with colorblindness, the inability to distinguish different colors. To inherit this disorder, an individual needs 2 colorblind alleles. Neither his mother nor father were colorblind, however his mother had a family history of colorblindness. Colby’s father’s family had no history of colorblindness. How was it possible for Colby’s parents to pass on colorblindness to Colby if his father had no family history with the disorder?
Colby’s mother and father were carriers causing Colby to get the disease. Since Colby's mother had a family history of colorblindness, she must have been a carrier and passed the colorblind allele to Colby. For Colby's father, a mutation must have taken place to make him a new carrier of the colorblind allele which he then also passed down to Colby.
What movie in 2019 topped Avatar as the highest-grossing film of all time?
Avengers: Endgame