Atomic Theory
What does the atomic number represent?
The number of protons in the atom's nucleus.
What is the law of definite proportions?
A chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound.
What is a chemical bond?
a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together
What is an ionic compound?
An ionic compound is a chemical compound composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding.
What is a Valence Electron?
The electrons on the outermost energy level, available to be lost, gained, or shared to form chemical compounds.
What are the 3 subatomic particles and their charges?
protons (+)
electrons(-)
neutrons(neutral)
What does the Modern Atomic Theory consist of?
All matter is composed of atoms.
Atoms of any one element have different properties from atoms of another element
What are Ionic Bonds?
chemical bonds that result from the electrical attraction between cations (+) and anions (-)
Descirbe the difference between Ionic and Covalent Bonds?
Ionic bonds form when two oppositely charged atoms trade their electrons to create a secure bond between the two.
Covalent bonds aren’t all about trading like their ionic counterparts. Rather, covalent bonds are created when atoms share their electrons.
Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for the Element Fluorine(F).
Your picture should look something like the capital letter F with 7 electrons surrounding it. 2 on every side, except the last side, should only have 1.
What is an atom?
The smallest part of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element
What is the law of Multiple Proportions?
If two or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements, then the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers.
What are covalent bonds?
chemical bonds that result from the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms
Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for HCN
H-C≡N:
Write the Orbital Notation for the Element Carbon, number 6.
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑
1s 2s 2p 2p 2p
How do we find Atomic Mass? What is the atomic mass of Carbon, if Carbon has 6 protons?
Carbon's Atomic Mass- 12
Describe one Periodic Trend
- Ionization Energy
- Electron Affinity
- Nonmetallic Character
- Metallic Character
- Atomic Radius
What is electronegativity?
the measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons
List the separate anion and cation for NaOH
Na+, OH-
If the electron configuration for the Element Nitrogen is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^3
What is this element's Noble Gas notation?
What is an Isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different masses due to different number of neutron.
What is a Periodic Trend?
Periodic trends are specific patterns in the properties of chemical elements that are revealed in the periodic table of elements.
What are molecular compounds?
Molecular compounds are chemical compounds that take the form of discrete molecules. Examples include substances like water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
Write the full chemical reaction for AgNO3 and K2CrO4
AgNo3+K2CrO4 → Ag(CrO4)+KNO3
How many quantum numbers are used to describe the properties of electrons in atomic orbitals?
4