Lipids
What elements are in all macromolecules?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO)
What process USES water to BREAK polymers into monomers?
Hydrolysis/Catabolic Rxn
What are the bonds between amino acids?
Peptide bonds
This is the polysaccharide that stores glucose in plants
Starch
What are the 3 main components of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base
What is the monomer of lipids?
None specifically (fatty acids +glycerol)
What process FORMS water to CREATE polymers?
Hydrolysis/catabolic rxn/dehydration synthesis
This is an example of a protein that is used to catalyze reactions in the body
Enzymes
What element is found in between the benzyne rings in polysaccharides that are NOT found in steroids?
Oxygen
What are 3 examples of nucleic acids?
DNA, RNA, ATP, GTP
What are the bonds in lipids that connect glycerol and fatty acids in triglycerides and phospholipids?
Ester bonds
What molecular properties of water give it it's properties?
Polar/H-bonds
This is the level of protein structure that contains alpha helix and beta sheets held together by H-bonds
secondary
What are 5 different monosaccarides?
Fructose, galactose, glucose, ribose, deoxyribose
What are the 5 elements found in nucleic acids?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus (CHONP)
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated lipids and in what organisms are each found?
Saturated: straight chain, solid @ room temp, no double bonds (ex: animal fat)
Unsaturated: at least 1 double bond, semi-solid/liquid@ room temp (ex: fish oils)
What process releases H2O vapors from leaves for homeostasis due to capillary action and water potential?
Transpiration
What are the bonds/attractions in quartenary structures of proteins?
What bonds hold together disaccharides?
Glycosidic bonds
What is the main bond found in nucleotides?
Phosphodiester bonds
What are examples of lipids?
Steroids (FUSED carbon rings)
Fats/oils = long-term energy
Wax = waterproof
What are the 4 important properties of water?
1. Cohesive properties (adhesion, cohesion, capillary action, surface tension->due to H bonds and polarity)
2. Thermal (high heat of vap, high specific heat)
3. Density (Ice is less dense)
4. "Universal" Solvent
What are the 4 components of the amino acid monomer?
Animo Group (NH2), R-Group/Functional Group, Carboxyl Group (-COOH), Central/alpha carbon
What polysaccharide stores excess glucose in animals?
Glycogen
What's the molecular difference between ribose and deoxyribose sugar?
Ribose sugar has a 2-OH whereas deoxyribose sugar as a 2-H