Nature of Matter and Carbon
What charge do electrons have?
Water molecules have an uneven sharing of electrons. The oxygen has a partial negative charge and the hydrogens have partial positive charges. This makes water _________.
Polar
Amino acids bond together via _______ bonds to form polypeptides.
Peptide
What happens to an enzyme if it becomes denatured?
It's shape is changed.
What is the charge of a neutron?
Neutral
What types of bonds are formed when water molecules bond to other water molecules?
Hydrogen Bonds
The ability for DNA to form extremely long chains which code for different types of complex proteins is the function of which macromolecule?
Nucleic acids
Enzymes are considered ________ because they speed up chemical reactions.
Catalysts
What is the most important element to life?
Carbon
Which property causes surface tension and occurs when water atoms bond to other water atoms?
Cohesion
Which monomer can be identified by a ring-like structure made of carbon?
Glucose
Enzymes lower ______ _______.
activation energy
For an organism to be considered organic it must be part of or produced by something that is living, and contain what element?
Carbon
Low density as a solid
Hydrolysis
Explain why enzymes can be compared to a lock and key using only one sentence (or less).
Enzymes can be compared to a lock and key because they are very specific.
What gives Carbon the ability to form a huge variety of very large and complex molecules?
Carbon has four valence electrons, therefore it can form up to four bonds.
Are hydrophilic substances such as table salt polar or non-polar?
Polar
Unsaturated fatty acid molecules contain ________ bonds are are _______ at room temperature.
double, liquid
An enzymes optimal pH is 7, therefore, at a pH of 7 the enzyme rate of reaction is very high. However, at a pH of 12 the enzymes rate of reaction is 0. Why?
To receive points you must include enzymes, substrate, active site, and denature
The enzyme becomes denatured at a pH of 12, so the substrate can no longer bind to the enzymes active site.