Carbohydrates
The monomer of a carbohydrate is a
Monosaccharide
The monomer of a protein is a
amino acid
The monomer of a nucleic acid is a
nucleotide
The two monomers of lipids are
glycerol and fatty acids
Enzymes are what type of macromolecule
Protein
What elements are present in carbohydrates?
CHO
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Not all proteins have what level of structure?
quaternary
The two types of nucleic acids are
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Lipids are used for what functions?
long term storage of energy
The place on an enzyme where a substrate can bind is called the what?
Active Site
When many sugars are linked together through bonds we call this a
polysaccharide
Amino acids that have to be obtained by eating are called what?
Essential amino acids
What are two differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA is usually double-stranded and lacks an oxygen that is present in the usually single-stranded RNA. DNA is usually longer and contains Thymine as a nitrogenous base while RNA has Uracil
What types of foods/substances are lipids found in?
Fats and oils
A noncompetitive inhibitor is a substance that affects enzyme function how?
It binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme and changes the active site so that the substrate cannot bind
What type of bond links sugars together in carbohydrates?
Glycosidic Bonds
What type of bonds hold together two proteins when they form a dipeptide
Peptide bonds
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide
-Nitrogenous base
-sugar (pentose sugar)
-phosphate group
How does increasing the substrate concentration affect the enzyme reaction rate in a substance where there are no competitive inhibitors
The enzyme reaction rate will increase until all available enzymes are bound to substrates. Then it will plateau.
Two examples of types of carbohydrates are
Sugar and starch
What are 3 functions of proteins
Any combo: enzymes, contractile proteins for movement, transport proteins, defense proteins (antibodies), hormones, structural proteins(hair, skin, nails, etc.), storage proteins
What elements are present in nucleic acids
CHONP
-Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous
What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid?
A saturated fat has no C-C double bonds. (Nowhere to put another hydrogen) while an unsaturated fat as at least one double bond that could be broken to add a hydrogen
If ph or temperature reaches levels that are not sustainable for the enzyme, what will happen to it?
The enzyme will be comes denatured