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Where are the vasomotor center and cardioregulatory center located?
Medulla oblongata
1. Vasodilation will (increase/decrease) blood pressure.
2. Vasoconstriction will (increase/decrease) blood pressure.
1. Decrease
2. Increase
What type of impulses control the level of constriction in the vessels?
Sympathetic impulses
If CO2 increases, will pH increase or decrease?
pH will decrease
What is the constant degree of contraction in vessels created by the vasomotor center called?
Vasomotor tone
Where are baroreceptors located, and what are they sensitive to?
Carotid sinuses and aorta
Stretch (pressure)
It's metabolism
What does aldosterone do, and how does it affect blood pressure?
It stimulates the kidneys to save sodium and therefore save water
This increases blood volume and blood pressure
What happens to the vessels and skin in circulatory shock?
Vessels constrict causing pale skin
Where are chemoreceptors located?
Carotid sinuses and aorta
What neurotransmitter is usually sent to control constriction in vessels? Which other one is only sometimes used for local control?
NE; ACh
What are the circular rings of muscle that control distribution of blood in capillaries?
Precapillary sphincters
What two places do baroreceptors send information to to adjust BP?
Vasomotor center
Cardioregulatory center
What are the two goals of the vasomotor center?
Maintain MAP
Control distribution of blood
What do chemoreceptors usually control?
Respiratory rate
What effect does alcohol have on the vasomotor center and how does this affect BP?
It inhibits the vasomotor center which decreases constriction in the blood vessels (vasomotor tone) which decreases blood pressure
What is ACE?
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
Enzyme in the lungs that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
In a cold environment, what effect does alcohol have on body temperature?
Initially causes vasodilation and warms you up, but it releases your body heat and cause you to be colder long term
What changes in the blood are chemoreceptors sensitive to and in what order?
pH, CO2, O2
What effect do Epi and NE (as hormones) have on blood pressure in a fight or flight situation?
They’re vasoconstrictive and increase HR which both increase BP
What are some of the local conditions that precapillary sphincters respond to?
High CO2 & LA; Low pH & O2
How do strong emotions like anger and sadness affect your BP? What about fight or flight?
Anger → Hypertension
Sadness → fainting
Fight or flight → vasoconstriction increases BP
What is an ACE inhibitor, and does it increase or decrease blood pressure?
Medication that inhibits the enzyme, ACE, from activating angiotensin I into angiotensin II
Decreases blood pressure
What is a very common type of medication given to decrease blood volume and therefore blood pressure, and how does it work?
Diuretic; Increases urine output
What is angiogenesis and under what condition does it occur?
Increase in the amount of blood vessels due to consistent hypoxia