Cardiovascular
What is the range for a healthy resting heart rate according to the CDC?
60-100
What is the main function of the muscular system?
movement
List two of the main functions of the skeletal system.
protection
support/structure
allows movement
What two structures make up the central nervous system?
What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
nerves
Which cardio zone is best for training VO2 max?
1, 4, 2, 5, 7
What is the highest systolic BP should be?
What is a healthy number for the lower number?
120/ 80
List two reasons why people ice after sport or injury.
reduce inflammation
reduce pain
reduce swelling
Explain how bones respond to exercise and progressive overload.
they incur microdamage, they recover denser or thicker, and stronger than before
Sensory neurons send information in which direction?
Motor neurons send information in which direction?
sends info in
sends info out
Explain the difference between hypotension and hypertension.
low vs high BP
When doing a cardiovascular workout, what percent of your max heart rate should you be working out in?
lower percentage:
upper percentage:
50-85
List 3 common muscular system injuries and why they happen.
strain, tear, tendonitis, cramps, contusions
Name the 3 connective tissues in the body.
ligaments, tendons, cartilage
Explain fatigues effects on the nervous system.
less recruitment or slower recruitment of muscle fibers
Why do athletes use athletic tape?
Why do lifters use lifting wraps?
tape: stability, support, confidence, limit harmful movement
wraps: joint support, stability, form
Name the four chambers of the heart, and what happens at each chamber.
RA- oxygen poor blood comes into heart
RV- sends oxygen poor blood to go get O2
LA- oxygen rich blood comes into heart
LV- sends oxygen rich blood to rest of the body
Name the three types of muscle contractions and give an example of a workout for each.
concentric, eccentric, isometric
List 3 synovial joint types and give an example of that joint in the body.
ball and socket
hinge
pivot
saddle
condyloid
gliding (plane)
As athletes repeat a lift or skill in a sport, how does their nervous system improve in its control of muscle fibers? (there are 3 things that it can do better)
1. Recruits more fibers
2. Recruits them faster
3. Recruits them in the correct order
the amount of O2 your body can take in and use during exercise
higher it is, better endurance you have
Which cardiac test measures how effectively the left ventricle is working?
Which cardiac test measures how much blood the heart pumps per minute?
stroke volume
cardiac output
Give an example of a sport that requires the athletes to use mostly slow twitch (type 1) muscle fibers.
Give an example of a sport that requires athletes to use mostly fast twitch (type 2A, oxidative) muscle fibers.
Give an example of a sport that requires athletes to use mostly fast twitch (type 2B, ATP and glycogen) muscle fibers.
any endurance sport
basketball, soccer, tennis
powerlifting, football, sprinting
List the 4 step process of how bones naturally heal.
inflammation
soft callus
hard callus
remodeling
What is a motor unit?
1 nerve and all the muscle fibers it controls
Explain what each does:
Nose, Trachea (windpipe), Lungs, Diaphragm
Nose- air entry point, filters air,
lung- organ where gas exchange happens
trachea- the main airway tube that carries air to the lungs
diaphragm- the muscle that powers the breathing