PROKARYOTIC vs. EUKARYOTIC
Which type of cell has a nucleus: prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic cells.
Which type of eukaryotic cell contains chloroplasts?
Plant cells.
Which cell structure contains the cell's DNA and controls many of the cell's activities?
Nucleus.
This cell has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. It is generally larger and more complex than a bacterial cell. What type of cell is it?
Eukaryotic cell. (Half points for a plant or animal cell)
A student says, "All cells have a nucleus." Is the statement correct?
No. Eukaryotic cells have nuclei, but prokaryotic cells do not.
Which type of cell is generally smaller and simpler: prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic cells.
Name two structures found in plant cells that are not typically found in animal cells.
Cell wall, chloroplasts, and/or a central vacuole.
Which structure is responsible for making proteins?
Ribosomes or Rough ER (Because of the attached ribosomes!).
This cell has a nucleoid, plasmids, a cell wall, a cell membrane, and ribosomes. What type of cell is it?
Bacterial/prokaryotic cell.
A student looks at a plant cell and says, "The cell wall must be the part that controls what enters and leaves the cell." Which structure actually performs that job?
Cell membrane.
A cell has DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane, but no nucleus. Is it prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic.
A cell has a nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. What type of cell is it?
Plant cell.
Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials for transport?
Golgi apparatus.
This cell has a nucleus, cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. What type of cell is it?
Plant cell.
Two cells both contain DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane. One has a nucleus and the other does not. What is the most important difference between the two cells?
A Nucleus! One is eukaryotic and has its DNA enclosed in a nucleus; the other is prokaryotic and does not have a nucleus.
Name two structures found in eukaryotic cells that are not found in prokaryotic cells.
Any two membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, or lysosomes.
A student says, "If a cell has a cell wall, it must be a plant cell." Is this reasoning correct? Explain.
No. Bacteria also have cell walls, so a cell wall alone does not prove that a cell is a plant cell.
Which organelle is a system of membranes involved in making and processing proteins and other molecules?
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Rough ER makes: ??
Smooth ER makes: ??
A microscope image shows a cell with no visible nucleus. The DNA appears to be located in a region of the cytoplasm. What type of cell is most likely being observed?
Prokaryotic cell.
Why: Its DNA is not enclosed inside a nucleus.
A scientist discovers a new cell. It has a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, and a cell wall. Based only on this evidence, can the scientist determine whether it is a bacterium or a plant cell? Why or why not?
No. Both bacteria and plant cells can have a cell wall, and both have the other listed structures. More evidence, such as whether the cell has a nucleus or chloroplasts, would be needed.
A scientist observes a cell under a microscope. The cell contains a nucleus, mitochondria, and a Golgi apparatus. What evidence supports classifying this cell as eukaryotic?
It contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which are characteristics of eukaryotic cells.
A cell has a nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and a cell membrane. It does NOT have a cell wall or chloroplasts. What type of cell is it? Explain your reasoning.
Animal cell. It is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus, and the absence of a cell wall and chloroplasts is consistent with an animal cell.
Name four structures or features found in all three cell types: animal, plant, and bacterial.
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA.
A mystery cell contains DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, a cell membrane, mitochondria, and a nucleus. It does not have a cell wall or chloroplasts. What can you conclude about the cell?
It is a eukaryotic animal cell.
Reasoning: The nucleus and mitochondria indicate a eukaryotic cell; the absence of a cell wall and chloroplasts is consistent with an animal cell.
A student says, "A cell with a cell wall must be prokaryotic because animal cells don't have cell walls." Explain why this reasoning is incorrect.
Cell walls are found in bacteria and plant cells. The presence of a cell wall alone cannot determine whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. You would need to look for other evidence, such as a nucleus or chloroplasts.