Cell Transport
Movement of water is also called _.
Osmosis
Adding solute to a solution would result in what type of solute and water potential?
Low solute/water potential
Condensed form of DNA that both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have are called _.
chromosomes
A large surface area to volume ratio does what to the function of the cell?
Fluidity of the cell membrane is regulated by this molecule.
Cholesterol
Passive transport mechanisms move in what direction?
With the concentration gradient
Suppose that the solute concentration inside the cell is 60% and the solute concentration is 80% outside the cell. What type of solution would the cell be in and what would happen to the flow of water?
Hypertonic
Water would flow outside the cell
The first prokaryotic cells ingested one another and ultimately formed the first eukaryotic cell in a theory known as the _.
Endosymbiotic theory
The detoxification of drugs and poisons is the responsibility of this organelle.
Smooth ER
Name two types of molecules that make up the cell membrane.
Phospholipids and proteins
Type of molecules that easily diffuse across the membrane without the use of membrane proteins
Give two examples of these molecules
Small, nonpolar molecules
CO2, O2, steroids
Water potential of a cell is -5.5 bars. A scientist places the cell into a sucrose solution with a 0.2M concentration at 25 degrees in an open test tube. What is the water potential of the solution? How will water behave?
Water potential = -4.89 bars
Water will flow into the cell.
Eukaryotic cells have _ to generate ATP while prokaryotic cells use _ to generate ATP.
mitochondria
cytoplasm OR cell membrane
During the endomembrane system of transporting a protein a vacuole from the Golgi apparatus can be used to make _.
lysosomes or parts for the cell membrane
Integral proteins span across the membane. The outer regions of the integral membrane are _ while the inner region of the integral membrane are _.
hydrophobic/nonpolar
Type of active transport mechanism that expels materials out of the cell.
Exocytosis
Suppose that the water potential of a cell and the solute it's found in are equal. If distilled water were added to the solute, what would happen to the water potential of the solute? Which direction would the water move?
The water potential would increase
The water would move into the cell
Difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells in producing protein.
Eukaryotic cells use an endomembrane system that consists of a collection of membrane-bound organelles while prokaryotic cells use ribosomes and the cytoplasm to create and move proteins.
The beginning of protein synthesis starts with this organelle and ends with this organelle/structure.
nucleus, secretory vesicles or golgi apparatus
A phospholipid contains a polar head and a nonpolar tail and is described as this term.
amphipathic
When determining the concentration of the potato or the carrot, the solution and the vegetable had to reach this type of solution. The percent change would have been close to _.
Isotonic, 0%
If a cell is characterized as having a high water potential, what must be true about the amount of solute outside the cell? What must be true about the water/solute potential of the solute?
high solute concentration, low water/solute potential
All cells must share these four things in common.
DNA, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes
Muscles cells have many organelles of these while the liver would have many organelles of these.
mitochondria, Smooth ER
Neurons will use _ for cell-to-cell communication while epithelial cells in the stomach use _ to prevent any waste or fluid from leaking into surrounding areas.
gap junctions, tight junctions