ORGANELLES
A cell that produces and secretes large amounts of protein would have many of these organelles.
What are ribosomes and rough ER?
The phospholipid heads in a cell membrane interact easily with water because they are this.
What is hydrophilic?
A molecule moving through a membrane protein from high concentration to low concentration is an example of this type of transport.
What is facilitated diffusion?
A red blood cell placed in a solution causes the cell to swell. The solution is most likely this type.
What is hypotonic?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA and ribosomes, which supports this theory about their evolutionary origin.
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Oxygen can cross the phospholipid bilayer without a transport protein because it is small and has this property.
What is nonpolar/hydrophobic?
Moving a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration requires this type of transport.
What is active transport?
A red blood cell placed in a 1.5% saline solution shrinks. In which direction did water move?
What is out of the cell?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have this structural feature that provides evidence they originated from engulfed prokaryotic cells.
What is a double membrane?
This organelle contains digestive enzymes and breaks down cellular waste and macromolecules.
What is a lysosome?
The term describing a membrane made of a flexible phospholipid bilayer with proteins that can move within it is this model.
What is the fluid mosaic model?
Which type of transport directly requires ATP: facilitated diffusion or active transport?
What is active transport?
A cell has a surface area of 60 μm² and a volume of 10 μm³. What is its surface-area-to-volume ratio?
What is 6:1?
Which organelle is thought to have evolved from an ancestral photosynthetic prokaryote?
What is the chloroplast?
Put these structures in order for a protein that will be secreted from the cell: Golgi, rough ER, transport vesicle, plasma membrane.
What is rough ER → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane?
This molecule helps maintain membrane stability by preventing phospholipids from packing too closely or moving too far apart.
What is cholesterol?
If ATP production suddenly stops, what would happen to membrane pumps that require ATP?
What is active transport would decrease or stop?
Which cell would exchange materials more efficiently: a cell with a SA:V ratio of 6 or a cell with a ratio of 2?
What is the cell with a ratio of 6?
A cell contains an organelle surrounded by three membranes. What could this suggest about its evolutionary history?
What is that multiple endosymbiotic events may have occurred?
Explain why having membrane-bound organelles can make a eukaryotic cell more efficient.
What is compartmentalization allows different chemical reactions to occur in specialized environments?
OR
What is compartmentalization allows for high SA:V ratios which increase effieciency
In an experiment, fluorescent membrane proteins originally located on two different cells became mixed after the cells fused. What does this demonstrate?
What is that membrane proteins can move laterally (side by side/next to) within the membrane?
A large or charged molecule cannot easily cross the hydrophobic interior of the phospholipid bilayer. What does it typically need to cross the membrane?
What is a transport protein/channel or carrier protein?
Why do larger cells generally have more difficulty exchanging materials with their environment?
What is their surface-area-to-volume ratio decreases as cell size increases?
A mutation damages proteins that actively transport H⁺ ions into a lysosome. Predict what would happen to lysosomal enzyme activity and explain why.
What is enzyme activity would decrease because the lysosome would become less acidic, reducing the activity of its acid-dependent enzymes?