Vocabulary
Cell Theory & Organelles
Cells & Organelles
Cell Transport
Cell Cycle & Cancer
100
What type of cells divide using the cell cycle to make identical copies?
Somatic or body cells
100
What is an organelle that can be found in eukaryotic cells but NOT in prokaryotic cells?
The nucleus!
100
Excluding vacuoles and the central vacuole, identify one other organelle only plants have and one organelle animals have.
plants - chloroplast, cell wall
animals - lysosomes, centrioles, flagella, cilia
100
What are the two general types of transport? Identify which uses energy and which does not.
Passive - no energy needed
Active - uses energy
100
True or False - the cell cycle produces 2 unique body or somatic cells.
FALSE - Because the cell cycle produces 2 IDENTICAL body or somatic cells.
200
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death
200
Identify one principle of the cell theory.
- All living things are made of cells.
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function of living things.
- All cells come from existing cells.
200
Which organelle helps break down or digest cellular waste?
Lysosomes
200
What happens to the water in a hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solution?
Hypertonic - water leaves the cell
Hypotonic - water enters the cell
Isotonic - water leaves and enters the cell
200
(1) True or false - can some tumors made up of cancer cells break off and spread to other parts of the body?
(2) What would that tumor be called?
(1) True
(2) Malignant
300
Draw the structures and label the following vocabulary words:
- duplicated chromosome
- sister chromatids
- centromere
300
Look at the image, what organelle is it and what does it do?
It's the chloroplast! The chloroplast converts light energy from sun into sugar (chemical energy)
300
When a cell is ready to process, modify, and ship out proteins using vesicles, two organelles are involved in this process. What are those two organelles?
ER and the Golgi apparatus
300
Look at the image! What type of endocytosis is being pictured and HOW do you know?
Pinocytosis - because the cell is engulfing liquid into the vesicle.
300
WHY is interphase the longest phase of the cell cycle?
Because it's the step where ALL the genetic information (DNA) of an organism needs to be replicated, the cell needs to grow, and proteins need to be made.
400
Identify one similarity and one difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Similarity: Genetic material (DNA, RNA), Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Ribosomes
Difference: Answer will vary
400
Even though there are two main types of cells, ALL cells have:
- Genetic material (DNA, RNA)
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Ribosomes
400
(1) Consider a disease that results in a lack of energy. Which organelle would you predict most likely be impacted?
(2) Why would someone struggle to use or process macromolecules (like carbs, lipids, and proteins) on a cellular level?
(1) the mitochondria
(2) They would struggle because without functioning mitochondria, cells can’t convert the products of carbs, lipids, and proteins into ATP, the energy needed for cellular processes.
400
What is the difference between simple and facilitated diffusion?
Simple - molecules move across a membrane from high to low [ ] until equilibrium is reached.
Facilitated - A transport protein helps facilitate the diffusion or movement of molecules that normally couldn‘t pass through the cell membrane. They move from high to low [ ]
400
Why is cancer an example of the cell cycle but "harmful" ?
Cancer is an example of the cell cycle but harmful because cancer cells don't know when to stop. They continue to multiply because the signals to stop regulation or apoptosis do not work. So they multiply and spread faster than healthy cells.
500
What does it mean that the cell membrane is semi-permeable?
It chooses what comes in and out of the cell. Not everything gets to pass.
500
Why is the cell membrane called a fluid mosaic model and what about its structure makes it semipermeable?
Fluid Mosaic - it is made of many parts that move around freely
Semipermeable - it is a phospholipid bilayer made of hydrophilic heads on the outside of the membrane and two sets of tails on that face each other on the inside. (Can you draw it and label the parts?)
500
Give 3 ways that prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are different.
Prokaryotic - no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, divides using binary fission, unicellular
Eukaryotic - has nucleus, has membrane-bound organelles, divides using mitosis, is unicellular or multicellular
500
What is the difference between positive and negative feedback mechanisms? Give an example of each.
Positive feedback - the output intensifies the response. ex) childbirth, fruit ripening
Negative feedback - the output causes a counter response to return to a set point. ex) body temperature, water regulation, blood sugar
500
What is the difference between malignant and benign cancer cells?
Malignant - cancer cells that break away from the tumor and move to other parts of the body
Benign - abnormal cells that typically remain clustered together