Atoms & Molecules
The smallest unit of a pure element
What is an atom?
What is a monosaccharide?
The monomer of lipids, can be saturated or unsaturated
What is a fatty acid?
The monomer of proteins, 20 different types found in all living things
What are amino acids?
The monomer of nucleic acid, made of 3 distinct parts
What is a nucleotide?
An atom that can form up to 4 bonds to create large, complex molecules
What is carbon?
The function of carbohydrates
What is short-term energy storage?
The function of lipids
What is long-term energy storage?
Another name for a protein
What is a peptide or polypeptide?
The function of nucleic acids
What is holding genetic information?
A molecule made of carbon
What is an organic compound/macromolecule/biomolecule?
A simple sugar created when two monosaccharides form a bond
What is a disaccharide?
A fatty acid with a single-bond carbon chain and the maximum number of hydrogen bonds
What is a saturated fat?
A type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in cells
What is an enzyme?
What is a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base?
A chemical reaction that builds bonds by removing water
What is dehydration synthesis?
Complex carbohydrates like starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin
What are polysaccharides?
A fatty acid with one or more double-bonded carbons, containing less hydrogen atoms than it could with a single-bond chain
What is an unsaturated fat?
The level of protein structure describing the sequence of amino acids
What is primary structure?
The four different types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA
What are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G)?
A chemical reaction that breaks bonds by adding water
What is hydrolysis?
C6H12O6
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
A lipid that serves as the main component of the cell membrane
What is a phospholipid?
The process by which cells make proteins
What is protein synthesis?
Replaces thymine in RNA molecules
What is uracil (U)?