Chemisty 1
Oxygen atoms in water molecules are attracted to what?
hydrogen atoms in other water molecules
Scientists can radioactively label elements to track them as they move through a chemical reaction. In which component is the radioactive oxygen added in the growing of plants to produce radioactive glucose? (The asterisk shows radioactive oxygen.)
6CO2+12H2O*+energy----C6H12O6+6O*2+6H2O
It would be added to the air.
In the conversion of ATP to ADP, which one contains more energy?
ATP contains more energy than ADP.
Which pair of molecules are both compounds?
a. H2, CO2
b. H2O, N2
c. CO2, H2O
d. O2, C6, H12, O6
c. CO2, H2)
What property of water is most responsible for water moving from the roots to the leaves of a plant?
Adhesion
What is the role of energy in cellular respiration?
The cell transfers the stored chemical energy to different chemical bonds.
What statement about the bonding of carbon atoms is true?
a. Carbon has the ability to form up to 4 bonds.
b. Carbon atoms form ring structures each time they bond.
c. Carbon containing compounds must contain double bonds.
d. Carbon has the ability to bond with no more than one other carbon atom.
a. Carbon has the ability to form up to 4 bonds.
Correctly complete the sentence.
Catalysts ____________ the activation energy of a reaction, and _________ the difference of energy in a reaction.
decrease, do not affect
Complete the following sentence.
Catalysts are used by cells to ____________ the rate of reactions that help the cells maintain homeostasis. The catalysts themselves _______________ consumed in the reaction.
increase, are not
Which of the following elements would be found in fructose?
(carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus)
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
The hydrogen side of a water molecule has a ____________ charge, and the oxygen side has a _____________ charge.
positive
negative
Which of the following describes a water molecule?
a. polar molecule that dissolves non polar molecules
b. non polar molecule that dissolves polar molecules
c. polar molecule that dissolves other polar molecules
d. non polar molecule that dissolves other non polar molecules
polar molecule that dissolves other polar molecules
Complete the statement about waxes.
Waxes are useful for ______________________ because they are composed of _________________________.
protective waterproof coatings
long chain lipids which are non polar and very hydrophobic
Complete the statement about phospholipids.
Phospholipids are useful for __________________________ because they are composed of _____________________.
providing a selectively permeable membrane
a polar head and non polar tails
Complete the statement about carbohydrates.
Simple carbohydrates are useful for __________________ because they are composed of __________________.
a source of energy for the cell
structures that can be quickly broken down and absorbed
What is the basic chemical structure of a carbohydrate? and of a lipid?
carbohydrate-contain ring structures
lipids-contain hydrocarbon chains
Which of the following are inputs of cellular respiration? Which are the outputs?
glucose
ATP
water
carbon dioxide
Inputs: Glucose
Outputs: ATP, water, carbon dioxide
Why can nucleic acids not be formed from sugars alone?
Because sugars are composed of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Nucleic acids have nitrogen and phosphorus.
Using the graph on your study guide on "energy of a reaction", what are 2 true statements about it?
a. Energy is absorbed in this reaction.
b. More energy would be released than absorbed in the reaction.
c. The reactants in this reaction have more energy than the products.
d. The products in this reaction contain more energy than the reactants.
b. More energy would be released than absorbed.
c. The reactants have more energy than the products.
What explains how a large increase in temperature would most likely affect the function of an enzyme?
The enzyme's effectiveness would decrease, because it would change shape and be less able to catalyze the reaction
A researcher is comparing sugar molecules that a cell takes in with amino acid molecules that the cell produces. Which statements are true about amino acids but not about sugars? (pick only 2)
a. always contain carbon
b. structure is coded for in DNA
c. is an input in glycolysis
d. can be used as an energy source
e. can bond together to form proteins
f. can bond together to form carbohydrates
b. structure is coded for in DNA
e. Can bond together to form proteins
Fill in the blanks.
Compared with the inputs of photosynthesis, the molecules that are output of photosynthesis will have a.___________ total number of atoms,b. ________ combined mass, and c. __________ chemical properties. The energy stored in the chemical bonds of the output molecules, as compared to the energy in the bonds of the input molecules, will be d. __________.
Choose from: different/same
a. same
b. same
c. different
d. different
A chemist is studying a reaction between a lipid and oxygen. The chemist compared the reactants to the products. He finds that the mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactants. Explain why this is, and give evidence that the chemist could look for to indicate that energy is being released.
The mass of reactants and products would be the same because mass is conserved in a chemical reaction.
Light given off would be energy release.
If the material heated up
Life on Earth is ultimately powered by the sun. Solar energy is converted through a series of steps to power cellular functions in living organisms. Describe the path the energy takes, from solar energy reaching EArth's surface to energy used to power cell processes in animals.
The sun gives energy to plants.
Plants change energy to glucose. (stored in plant tissue)
Animals eat the plants/glucose.
Glucose changes to ATP, and this energy goes to tissue!!!
Three strands of muscle tissue, all the same length, are placed in solutions of glucose, ATP, and pure water. After one minute, the tissues are removed and lengths are remeasured. The tissue from the ATP solution is found to be shorter than the others. Why is this so? and how would the ATP solution be different after the experiment?
Energy is needed for muscles to contract, and energy from ATP does this, so it shortens when it is contracted by ATP energy.
After experiment completion, the original ATP solution would contain ADP and phosphate.