Thinking, Reasoning, Intelligence
What is the mental framework we use to categorize and understand information?
Schema
What is the initial, brief recording of sensory information in the memory system called?
Sensory Memory
What psychological principle states that we tend to group nearby figures together?
Proximity
Ellie is trying to assemble a new bookshelf without using the manual. She attempts every possible combination of screws and boards until it finally fits.
Algorithm
What problem-solving shortcut is fast but error-prone, and contrasts with step-by-step algorithms?
Heuristics
What technique helps increase memory by organizing information into familiar, manageable units?
Chunking
What is it called when we fail to see something in our field of vision because our attention is elsewhere?
Inattentional Blindness
Ethan studies for a psychology test by asking “why” questions about each term instead of just rereading the book.
Question: What type of processing is Ethan using?
Deep Encoding/ Semantic Encoding
Which bias occurs when we estimate likelihood based on how easily something comes to mind?
Availability Heuristics
What is the memory phenomenon where the first and last items in a list are remembered best?
Serial Position Effect
What perceptual principle explains our ability to focus on one voice in a noisy room?
Cocktail Party Effect
A test measures musical ability and consistently gives similar results each time, but it doesn’t actually reflect someone's talent in composing music.
Question: What does the test have and lack?
High Reliability/Low Validity
What is the name for our tendency to stick with previously successful problem-solving strategies?
Mental Set
Which type of interference occurs when old information disrupts the learning of new information?
Proactive Interference
Which binocular cue uses the slight difference in images between the eyes to judge depth?
Retinal Disparity
After being told their group “usually scores higher” on certain types of tests, participants perform better than expected.
Stereotype Lift
What is the name of the observed rise in IQ scores across generations?
Flynn Effect
What memory error occurs when we attribute a memory to the wrong source?
Source Amnesia
What is the tendency to perceive familiar objects as having consistent shape, size, and color?
Perceptual Constancy
Two versions of a personality test are given to the same person and produce similar results.
Split-Half Reliability