Intro to Cognition
Convergent: Logic
Divergent: Imaginative
Sensory neurons
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
What is the formula for the intelligence quotient?
mental age / chronological age x 100
We center our attention on certain important elements of our environment while other things blend into the background or pass us by completely unnoticed
Define metacognition.
Metacognition: When we think about our thinking, active control and awareness of our own thinking
Define monocular cues.
Clues that can be used for depth perception that involves using only one eye. How we form 3D from 2D
What is explicit memory?
Explicit “Conscious” Memory (Declarative Memory): Information that you have to consciously work to remember
What is included in the triarchic theory of intelligence?
Practical
Analytical
Creative
What is functional fixedness?
Tendency to view problems only in their customary manner
Define kinesthesis.
The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts
What is the absolute threshold?
Absolute Threshold: Smallest level of stimulus that can be detected, usually defined as at least half the time(Point something becomes noticeable)
Explain what encoding failure is.
Encoding Failure: Occurs when a memory was never formed in the first place (without effort, many memories never form)
What are two important factors to consider when creating and distributing intelligence (or really any) tests?
Reliability & Validity
What is the percentage of information loss / forgotten after 24 hrs of being exposed to it?
70%
Describe the difference in Wernicke's & Broca's Aphasia.
Wernicke: language development
Broca's: speech production
What is retinal disparity?
The difference between the visual images that each eye perceives because of the different angles in which each eye views the world
First to conduct experimental studies on memories by using himself as a subject
The forgetting curve
The beginning of Storage Decay
What is the difference between fluid intelligence & crystallized intelligence?
●Fluid Intelligence, refers to the ability to reason and think flexibly, tend to diminish with adult aging
●Crystallized Intelligence, refers to the accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills that are acquired throughout life, tend to increase with age
What is the operational definition?
Why is this important?
An operational definition is a description of how something is observed and measured (dependent variable).
Important so that experiments can be replicated.
Describe the foundation of what Gestalt Psychologist believe in.
Emphasized the brain’s tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
Describe what perceptual set is and examples of them.
Predisposition to perceive things in a certain way
We often tend to notice only certain aspects of an object or situation while ignoring other details
Define anterograde and retrograde amnesia.
Define retroactive and proactive interference.
Definitions for each term.
What is the Flynn Effect?
What are reasons that support the Flynn effect?
IQ scores have been rising worldwide
Better resources, increase in infrastructure and development, continuous increase in technology
When is your AP Psych exam?
May 16th!