Perception
This type of memory briefly holds sensory information, like the sound of a bell or the sight of a flash.
What is sensory memory?
This Swiss psychologist is famous for his theory of cognitive development in children, involving stages like the sensorimotor and preoperational.
Who is Jean Piaget?
This is the process of getting information into memory.
What is encoding?
These are mental frameworks that help us organize and interpret information, and can sometimes lead to biases in judgment.
What are schemas?
This is a number representing a person's reasoning ability as compared to the statistical norm for their age, calculated from the results of a standardized test.
What is an intelligent quotient?
This term describes mental shortcuts that allow us to make decisions quickly, though they can sometimes lead to biases.
What are heuristics?
This psychologist developed the triarchic theory of intelligence, which includes analytical, creative, and practical aspects.
Who is Robert Sternberg?
To move information from short-term to long-term memory, this type of rehearsal involves actively thinking about the meaning of the information.
What is elaborative rehearsal?
This is a simple, step-by-step procedure for solving a problem, guaranteeing a correct answer if followed correctly, but which can sometimes be inefficient.
What is an algorithm?
This is the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.
What is validity?
This memory phenomenon explains why we often have trouble recalling events from our early childhood.
What is infantile amnesia?
This psychologist is known for his experiments on insight learning with chimpanzees, such as the famous Sultan and the stick problem.
Who was Wolfgang Köhler?
This memory phenomenon explains why we tend to remember the first items in a list better than those in the middle
What is the primacy effect?
This is the tendency to judge the likelihood of an event by comparing it to an existing prototype that already exists in our minds.
What is representativeness heuristic?
This refers to the rise in average IQ scores over generations.
What is the Flynn effect?
This cognitive bias leads us to continue investing resources into a failing endeavor because of our previous investments.
What is the sunk-cost fallacy?
Along with Kahneman, this psychologist's work on heuristics and biases revolutionized the study of judgment and decision-making
Who was Amos Tversky?
Recalling information is easier when you are in the same emotional state as when you learned it, which is known as this type of memory.
What is mood-congruent memory?
This is the tendency to rely on information that comes to mind quickly when making decisions, even if that information is not the most relevant.
What is availability heuristic?
These tests are designed to assess an individual's knowledge and skills in a specific area.
What are achievement tests?
This form of amnesia results in the loss of the ability to form new memories after a traumatic event.
What is anterograde amnesia?
This psychologist's research on memory errors and the misinformation effect has had a significant impact on eyewitness testimony and legal proceedings.
Who is Elizabeth Loftus?
This model of short-term memory includes the central executive, phonological loop, and visuospatial sketchpad.
What is the working memory model?
This is a form of faulty reasoning in which a person inaccurately assesses that a certain event is less likely to occur after a series of occurrences or trials of that event.
What is gamblers fallacy?
This is the correlation between scores on a test given at two different times.
What is test-retest reliability