Feudalism
What was the name of the political system where land was exchanged for loyalty and protection?
Answer: Feudalism
What was the main goal of the Crusades?
Answer: To capture the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from Muslim control
What disease killed millions in Europe during the Middle Ages?
Answer: The Black Death or the Plague
What does the word "Renaissance" mean?
Answer: Rebirth
What tool helped sailors navigate by showing direction?
Answer: The compass
What were peasants called who were tied to the land and needed the lord's permission to leave or marry?
Answer: Serfs
What pope called for the First Crusade in 1095?
Answer: Pope Urban II
What was one major social effect of the Black Death?
Answer: It weakened the feudal system
What invention helped spread Renaissance ideas?
Answer: The printing press
Who was the first explorer to circumnavigate the globe?
Answer: Ferdinand Magellan (his crew finished the journey)
What is the name of the land given to a vassal by a lord?
Answer: A fief
What effect did the Crusades have on trade in Europe?
Answer: Trade increased between Europe and the Middle East
How did the Black Death affect the economy of Europe?
Answer: Wages increased due to labor shortages
Who was the Italian thinker that used faith and reason together in his writings?
Answer: Thomas Aquinas
What was the name of the Spanish conqueror who defeated the Aztec Empire?
Answer: Hernán Cortés
What code of conduct were knights expected to follow?
Answer: Chivalry
Name two groups that were negatively affected by the Crusades.
Answer: Jews and Muslims
How did the Black Death spread to Europe?
Answer: Through trade routes and infected fleas on rats
What style of architecture featured tall buildings with stained glass windows?
Answer: Gothic
What was a major cause of death for Indigenous Americans after European contact?
Answer: Diseases like smallpox
What invention allowed horses to replace oxen in medieval farming?
Answer: The horse collar
What was one long-term effect of the Crusades on European politics?
Answer: It helped strengthen the power of kings as feudal lords lost land and power
Why did some people turn against the Church during the Black Death?
Answer: They believed the Church could not provide answers or protection from the plague
What was the goal of scholasticism?
Answer: To combine faith and reason in understanding religion and life
What was one reason European countries wanted to find a sea route to Asia?
Answer: To get spices and goods more easily and avoid costly land routes