Earth's Surface
Define Constructive and Destructive Forces
- Constructive forces cause landforms to grow
- Destructive forces wear landforms down
What are the circle/blob shaped lines called on a topographic map?
Contour Lines
Draw a basic compass rose
N
W + E
S
Which way do lines of longitude run? Which way do lines of latitude run?
latitude- horizontal
Longitude- vertical
What does it mean when a closed contour line has hash marks on the inside?
a depression (elevation goes back down)
Name 2 Constructive and 2 Destructive forces
C- Developing volcano, Uplift
D- earthquakes, floods, landslides
What do topographic maps show?
They portray 3D structures as 2D maps, they also show how elevation changes
What is a contour interval
The change in elevation between contour lines that is the same throughout the map (often CI's of 20 or 100)
1- The line that runs around the center dividing the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the Earth (line of latitude)
2- The line that runs vertically down the Earth and separates the Eastern and Western hemispheres (line of longitude)
1- Equator
2- Prime Meridian
What is sea level? Why is elevation always measured from sea level?
Average level of the Earth's oceans.
The ocean is a continuous body of water
What is the terrain like if contour lines on a map are far apart? Close together?
Far- gradual increase (golf-course like)
Close- steep (cliff like)
How do you tell what direction a river is flowing?
The V shaped contours point uphill/upstream, the water goes the opposite direction. Water goes downhill!
How is a Bathymetric map different from a topographic map?
Bathymetric maps show elevations UNDER sea level rather than above
Define Latitude and Longitude
latitude is your location north or south of the equator
longitude is your location east or west of the prime meridian 0 degrees.
Both are imaginary lines circling the earth and on a modern chart they establish a grid of lines at right angles to each other that enable you to locate your position.
Name three ocean geological features
Ocean Trenches, Ocean Basins, Mid-ocean ridges
HOW Do you draw a profile that illustrates elevation change
Blank paper, line up with two points, make a mark on paper each time a contour line crosses that paper, record the elevation of the contour line, line up with graph, plot points in proper location, connect points.
If you are in Maine,
your latitude will always be?
Your Longitude will always be
(N, E, S, or W)
NW
We are always NORTH of the equator
and WEST of the prime meridian
What is a benchmark
any permanent mark or disk that's either in the ground or attached to a large structure. This permanent mark has a known elevation or height which makes it valuable to NOAA.
Explain the difference between geostationary and polar orbit satellites
Geostationary= STATIONARY-satellites that focus on the same spot (moves at the same rate as Earth)
Polar Orbit= MOVING- Constantly moving around the entire earth
What is the USGS
United States Geological Survey
Created by an act of Congress in 1879, the USGS provides science for a changing world, which reflects and responds to society’s continuously evolving needs.
Name the 4 main branches of EARTH SCIENCE
geology, meteorology/climatology , oceanography, and astronomy.
How do you calculate the gradient of a slope?
How do you measure the distance if it isn't a perfectly straight line?
Change in elevation (of two points) / Distance (based on map scale)
String to trace distance!
What is the elevation range of a point in the middle of a hilltop with an elevation of 800 ft and a CI of 100ft
801-899
Over 800 & under 900
The Prime Meridian line runs directly though what location (specific)
Royal Observatory, Greenwich, in London, England.