Enlightenment terms
The idea all humans are born with the right to life, liberty, and property.
what are natural rights
government in which all power resides in a single ruler, whose authority is often derived from a royal bloodline and/or religion
what is absolute monarchy
founding enlightenment thinker who developed the theory of natural rights and social contract.
John Locke
first successful slave revolt, resulting in the establishment of Haiti as the first independent Black state in the New World
what is Haitian Revolution
Individual who challenged previously accepted theory of the universe by advocating for the heliocentric model/theory which places the sun at the center of the universe instead of the Earth.
what is Galileo
legal end of slavery brought to by slave revolts and abolitionist movement.
what is abolition
group of people in France comprised of merchants, to poor peasants. Paid 100% taxes but held no political power.
what is third state.
Absolute monarch who ruled pre-revolution France.
what is Louis the XVI
policy that allowed "mother country" to tax and control commerce in colonies, increasing discontent with among colonial elites and motivated independence movements.
what is Mercantilism
French Playwright who advocated for French Revolution ideals of natural rights to apply to women. Executed by guillotine during the reign of Terror.
what is Olympe de Gouges
what is separation of powers.
Maximilien Robespierre led this violent period in which tens of thousands of French victims were executed
what is Reign of Terror
Military leader who became emperor of France and conquered most of Europe. Spread revolutionary ideas and Napoleonic code but created national resistance.
what is Napoleon Bonaparte
richest colony in the world, produced 40% of the world’s sugar, ½ of its coffee, made up of 8,000 plantations and over 90% of this French colony’s population were enslaved Africans.
what is Saint Domingue.
19th century movement: shared group feeling of belonging to an specific community defined by its geographic region and shared language, history, culture, and ethnicity.
what is nationalism.
enlightenment idea that rulers derive their power form the people (consent of the governed); challenged the status quo idea of divine rights and absolute monarchy.
what is popular sovereignty
Euro leaders gathered to restore old monarchies and balance power after the fall of Napoleon
what is congress of Vienna.
creole leader of South American independence who failed to achieve his dream of unifying South America, as written in the “Jamaica Letter,” 1815
Native born elites of European ancestry who grew increasingly discontent with Spain's effort to assert authority over colonies. Key sponsors of independence movements.
creoles
"the politics of reality". Politics that is based on practical or real life situations. Supported by Otto Von Bismarck.
what is realpolitik
theoretical agreement between and ruler and people, which would be broken if state no longer safeguards the natural rights of people and the people can form a new government.
what is social contract.
British Feminist who wrote Vindication of the Rights of Woman advocating for equal rights for women
what is Mary Wollstonecraft.
what is Toussant L'Overture
these two countries who became unified through nationalism.
What is Italy and Germany.