Nucleic Acids
DNA/RNA
Transcription
Translation
Amino Acids
100
What is the monomer and polymer for nucleic Acids
Monomer: Nucleotides
Polymer: Nucleic Acids/ DNA/RNA
100
What are the types of RNA and their functions!
mRNA: messenger RNA that carries the code for protein to the ribosomes
tRNA: Transfers amino acids to ribosomes
rRNA: Part of what makes of ribosomes!
100
Which mRNA needs processing before translation, prokaryotic or eukaryotic mRNA?
Eukaryotic
- 3' PolyA Tail
- 5'Cap
- Splicing
100
Which RNA molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA
100
Enzymes are ….
Proteins!
200
What are the three components of a nucleotide
- Phosphate group
- Pentose Sugar
- Nitrogenous Base
200
What makes deoxyribose different than ribose?
deoxyribose has no Oxygen on the 2’ Carbon
200
What is the term for the section of DNA that will get transcribed to eventually make a protein?
A gene
200
______ is the first step in Translation. Outline the steps.
Initiation:
The small ribosomal subunit binds mRNA (with the help of the 5' caps)
then the initiator tRNA with amino acid MET hydrogen bonds to the start codon
then the large ribosomal subunit binds.
200
What oragnelle puts amino acids together? What do they form?
Ribosomes put aminos acids together via dehydration synthesis. They make proteins.
300
How are nucleotides joined together?
How are nitrogenous bases joined together? Draw on board!
Nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds
Nitrogenous bases joined by hydrogen bonds
300
Define what a gene is, and what its used to make.
A segment of DNA that gets copied into RNA and codes for a protein
300
Which part of transcription is this:
"RNA polymersae "reads" template DNA strand 3'-5' to make a complementary RNA 5'-3'
Elongation
300
______ is the second step of Translation. Outline the steps.
Elongation
Charged tRNAs enter the A site. The codon pairs with the anticodon then,
Peptidyl transferase activity of the ribosome detaches the amino acid from its tRNA and links them together to form peptide bonds then,
The uncharged tRNA leaves from the E site.
Cycle continues
300
What are the four structures of a protein
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quarternary
400
Compare DNA and RNA structure and function
DNA: Double helix, 1 shape (stable), stores genetic code
RNA: Single stranded, multiple shapes by h-bonding to self, functional copy of DNA gene
400
What type of bonds allow RNA to bond to itself?
H-bonds
400
After termination, what happens to the newly made mRNA strand? Eukaryotes? Prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes: Three Modifications needed! 5'cap, 3' poly A tail, and splicing!
Prokaryotes:no modifications needed because there is no organelles (nucleus) to travel through
400
____ is the final step in translation. Outline the steps.
Termination:
When the ribosome encounters a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) in the A site, no corresponding tRNA can bind.
Release factor binds to the ribosome
Binding stimulates the peptidyl-tRNA bond to be cleaved, releasing the newly synthesized polypeptide chain from the tRNA.
400
If an amino acids R-group contains O-H bonds, what kind of amino acid is it? Nonpolar, Polar, Polar charged+, Polar charged- ?
Polar!
500
When enzymes make Nucleic Acids, they add to the…..
3’ end
500
What is the Central Dogma
It is the flow of information in the cell
DNA>>>mRNA>>>Protiens
500
mRNA strand is the same as _____ except that T becomes U
Coding Strand
500
On a tRNA molecule, what end does the amino acid attach to?
3' end
500
The R-groups on the Polypeptide backbone interact and create bonds. What bond would...
S-S make?
C-H make?
OH-H?
NH+ - -O ?
S-S = disulfide bond
C-H =Hydrophobic interaction
OH-H= Hydrogen bond
NH+ - -O =Ionic