Policing
In this early English policing system, all adult men were expected to work together to protect their community.
What is frankpledge?
Name one issue with Hammurabi's code.
Punishments outweighed crimes
How long do Supreme Court Justices serve?
Life
Name three examples of civil cases and three examples of criminal cases.
Civil: wrongful death, divorce, child custody, tenant/landlord disputes, contract violations
Criminal: murder, robbery, extortion, arson, terrorism, assault, kidnapping
Who creates common law?
Who creates statutory law?
Judges; the legislature
This era of policing was known for corruption and close relationships between police and and government officials.
What is the Political Era?
This famous penitentiary in Pennsylvania became an international model for prison design and expansion.
What is the Eastern State Penitentiary?
What type of court hears a case for the first time?
Trial/District Courts
Which (civil or criminal law) suggests that society as a whole is the victim?
Why?
Criminal law; unlawful behaviors like murder and arson undermine public order and decency --> everyone is affected by these crimes to some extent
A judge relies on decisions from previous cases when deciding a new case. What concept is being used?
Precedence
What method of "punishment" led to the creation of penal colonies in Russia, Australia, Spain, etc?
Transportation
What was the primary idea behind the Pennsylvania system of corrections?
Solitary confinement and reflection
What type of jurisdiction allows a court to hear a case for the first time?
Original jurisdiction
What are the names of the parties involved in BOTH criminal and civil cases?
Criminal: Prosecutor and Defendant
Civil: Plaintiff (or Complainant) and Defendant
Do courts always follow precedent?
Explain using a real world example.
NO; Roe v Wade was overturned; Brown v Board of Ed. ended segregation in schools
What group of law enforcement officers operated in London before the creation of the modern police force?
What are The Bow Street Runners?
Name four punishments commonly used before the Colonial Era
Thrown to lions, drawn and quartered, boiled alive, burned alive, scaphism, crushed by elephants, etc.
A defendant is convicted in federal district court and claims the judge made a serious legal error. What court would normally review the case?
US Court of Appeals/Appellate Court
What are the goals of civil and criminal law?
(One goal each)
Civil: Provide compensation and resolve disputes
Criminal: Provide punishment
Provide a benefit and drawback to both common and statutory law.
Common Law (PROS): slow change, flexible, more consistent
Common Law (CONS): unwritten, judges are not elected, hard to follow
Statutory Law (PROS): democratic, written, specific, easy to find
Statutory Law (CONS): quick to change, rigid, political gridlock
Put these policing eras in chronological order: Community Era, Political Era, Homeland Security Era, Reform Era.
Political, Reform, Community, Homeland Security
Describe the current state of the US corrections system.
***I'm looking for specific details
#1 jailer in the world, African Americans are incarcerated at higher rates than any other group, prisons are overcrowded, more prisons than colleges, etc.
Georgia and Florida have a dispute over their shared boundary.
1. What court has the authority to hear this type of dispute?
2. What type of authority do they have in this case?
1. US Supreme Court
2. Original AND Exclusive (either answer is appropriate)
Explain why the same case can be heard in both a civil and criminal court.
Hint: Think of evidence and certainty
Civil and criminal courts have different jurisdictions.
The punishments and burdens of proof are also different.
Civil cases have lower burdens of proof and less detrimental punishments.
Name two common laws discussed in class.
Negligence, Assumption of Risk, Reasonable Person Standard, Duty of Care