Articles In Trouble
America's first national plan of government was called this?
What are the Articles of Confederation
The Constitutional Convention met in this Pennsylvania city
What is Philadelphia
These three words begin the Preamble and demonstrate that government gets its authority from the people
What is “We the People”
The first ten amendments are collectively known by this name
What is the Bill of Rights
Government receives its authority from the people
What is popular sovereignty
This case established due-process protections for public-school students facing short suspensions
What is Goss v. Lopez
Religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition are protected by this amendment
What is the 1st Amendment
Freedom from government interference is generally called a civil _____
What is a civil liberty
Under the Articles, most governmental power remained with these
What are the states
This plan favored large states because representation would be based on population
What is the Virginia Plan
This Article creates the legislative branch
What is Article I
This fraction of both houses of Congress is normally needed to propose an amendment
What is 2/3
Government power is divided among legislative, executive, and judicial branches
What is separation of powers
This case established that the president could not use absolute executive privilege to avoid a judicial subpoena in a criminal investigation
What is United States v. Nixon
Due process, protection against self-incrimination, and double jeopardy are found in this amendment
What is the 5th Amendment
Protection against unfair or discriminatory treatment is generally called a civil _____.
What is a civil right
Congress lacked the power to collect these, making it difficult to pay national debts
What are taxes
This plan favored small states by maintaining equal representation among states
What is the New Jersey Plan
This Article creates the judicial branch
What is Article III
This fraction of the states is normally needed to ratify an amendment
What is 3/4
Congress overrides a veto, the president vetoes a bill, and courts review laws. These illustrate this principle
What are checks and balances
This case established judicial review
What is Marbury v. Madison
Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures comes from this amendment
What is the 4th Amendment
This approach to constitutional interpretation places greater emphasis on text and original/historical meaning
What is strict construction/originalism
The Articles created Congress but did NOT create this branch headed by a president
What is the executive branch
Under the Great Compromise, representation in this chamber is based on population
What is the House of Representatives
This Article creates the executive branch
What is Article II
This amendment guarantees citizenship, due process, and equal protection
What is the 14th Amendment
This Enlightenment thinker is most closely associated with separation of powers
Who is Montesquieu
This case established that Congress could create a national bank using implied powers
What is McCulloch v. Maryland
Speedy and public criminal trial and the right to counsel are protected by this amendment
What is the 6th Amendment
In United States v. Nixon, the president claimed this power allowed him to keep the Watergate tapes confidential
What is executive privilege
Congress could not effectively regulate this between the states or with foreign nations
What is trade/commerce
This was the only state that refused to send delegates to the Constitutional Convention
What is Rhode Island
This Article required nine states to ratify the Constitution before it could take effect
What is Article VII
This Reconstruction Amendment abolished slavery
What is the 13th Amendment
Government officials—including the president—must obey the law
What is rule of law
William Marbury asked the Supreme Court to issue this type of court order
What is a writ of mandamus
Excessive bail/fines and cruel and unusual punishment are prohibited by this amendment
What is the 8th Amendment
In McCulloch v. Maryland, Maryland attempted to impose this on the Baltimore branch of the national bank
What is a tax
This Massachusetts uprising convinced many leaders that the national government was too weak
What is Shays' Rebellion
This delegate took extensive Convention notes and became known as the “Father of the Constitution
Who is James Madison
The Supremacy Clause appears in this Article
What is Article VI
This amendment lowered the voting age to 18
What is the 26th Amendment
The Constitution's opening phrase “We the People” most directly demonstrates this principle
What is popular sovereignty
This case involved state-sponsored prayer in public schools
What is Engel v. Vitale
This First Amendment clause prevents government from establishing or improperly favoring a religion
What is the Establishment Clause
This First Amendment clause protects people's ability to practice—or not practice—their religion
What is the Free Exercise Clause
This former Continental Army captain became the namesake and leader of the Massachusetts uprising
Who is Daniel Shays
This compromise created our current two-house Congress
What is the Great Compromise
Also known as the Elastic Clause, this allows Congress to use reasonable means to carry out its listed powers
What is the Necessary and Proper Clause
This amendment, ratified in 1961, gave Washington, D.C. participation in presidential elections
What is the 23rd Amendment
Power is divided between the national government and state governments
What is federalism
This case protected flag burning as symbolic speech
What is Texas v. Johnson
This is the constitutional standard generally required before a judge issues a search warrant
What is probable cause
Being prosecuted twice for the same offense after an acquittal would violate this protection
What is double jeopardy
Changing the Articles required approval from this many states
What are all 13 states
This Connecticut delegate is credited with proposing the Great Compromise
This Connecticut delegate is credited with proposing the Great Compromise
These powers aren't explicitly written word-for-word but are reasonably connected to Congress's listed powers
What are implied powers
Originally proposed with the Bill of Rights in 1789, this amendment wasn't ratified until more than 200 years later
What is the 27th Amendment
Judges being protected from improper political pressure illustrates this principle
What is an independent judiciary
This Chief Justice wrote the Marbury decision that strengthened the Supreme Court despite ruling against Marbury
Who is John Marshall
This term describes a government attempt to prevent material from being published or broadcast in the first place
What is prior restraint
Applying Bill of Rights protections against state governments through the Fourteenth Amendment is known as this
What is incorporation