Cell Theory & Microscopy
Organelles and their functions
Endomembrane System & Protein Pathway
Cell Membrane Structure & Function
Membrane Transport & Osmosis
Theories & Big Connections
100
The three main statements of the Cell Theory
1) All living things are made of cells.
2) The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.
100
This organelle modifies, packages, and ships proteins and lipids
What is the Golgi apparatus?
100
A patient’s pancreatic cells produce an enzyme lacking normal carbohydrate tags. What organelle might not be functioning correctly?
What is the Golgi apparatus?
100
Describe the structure of a phospholipid
What is a hydrophilic head (phosphate group) and two hydrophobic fatty-acid tails?
100
A definition of osmosis
What is the passive movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
100
The Endosymbiotic theory proposes this
What is that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by larger cells?
200
Define “resolution” as it relates to a microscope.
What is the ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate.
200
This organelle is the site of ATP production
What is the Mitochondrion?
200
This is added to many proteins in the ER and modified in the Golgi apparatus?
What are carbohydrate chains (glycosylation)?
200
The meaning of “selectively permeable”
How the membrane allows some substances to cross more easily than others?
200
A definition of osmosis
What is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
200
These two organelles have their own DNA
What are chloroplasts and mitochondria?
300
This type of cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus
What is a Prokaryotic cell?
300
This organelle synthesizes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances
What is the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
300
Describe the correct order for the pathway of secreted protein
What is Rough ER -> transport vesicle -> Golgi apparatus -> secretory vesicle -> plasma membrane?
300
This macromolecule carries out most of the membrane’s functions, such as transport and signaling
What are proteins?
300
This happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution
What is water leaves the cell and it shrivels?
300
This is how the Endosymbiotic Theory relates to evolution.
How cooperation between primitive cells led to the rise of complex eukaryotic cells?
400
Daily Double: When viewing cells under a microscope, these two features indicate they are plant cells
What is the presence of a cell wall and membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts?
400
Cells that produce large amounts of proteins for export will contain many of this type of organelle.
What are Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and ribosomes?
400
How does vesicle transport demonstrate the relationship between organelles in the endomembrane system
Vesicles move materials between organelles, showing coordination and functional integration among the ER, Golgi, and plasma membrane.
400
The part of the phospholipid bilayer that faces the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid
What are the hydrophilic heads?
400
This happens when you drink seawater
What is seawater is hypertonic, so water moves out of cells into the saltier environment, causing dehydration?
400
This is what ATP stands for
What is Adenosine Triphosphate?
500
How the Cell Theory relates to the Endosymbiotic Theory
The Endosymbiotic Theory expands on Cell Theory by explaining how complex eukaryotic cells evolved from simpler prokaryotic ones through symbiosis.
500
This is the role of lysosomes in the cell
What is to contain enzymes that break down and recycle worn-out organelles and macromolecules?
500
Daily Double: These organelles make up the endomembrane system.
What are the Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth and rough), Golgi Apparatus, vesicles, lysosomes, and plasma membrane?
500
Extra Daily Double:This is the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes.
What is stabilizing the membrane’s fluidity and structure?
500
Moving items against their concentration gradient
What is Active transport (requiring ATP)?
500
Daily Double: Draw the plasma membrane
