Emergency Care
The best way to avoid an emergency is through this (starts with a ‘P’)
What is prevention?
The four areas of the SOAP acronym
What are Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan?
The normal range for this is 60-80 in adults and is usually checked at the radial artery (if conscious)
What is pulse?
These are 3 of the 5 kinds of stresses that cause tissue injury.
What are TENSION, STRETCHING, COMPRESSION, SHEARING, and BENDING?
This is the goal of the primary survey
What is rule out life threatening or potentially life threatening injuries?
“A medical emergency in which the organs and tissues of the body are not receiving an adequate flow of blood” (FreeDictionary.com)
What is the definition of shock?
Not to be confused with Objective (from SOAP), the ‘O’ of HOPS stands for this; and these are two of the factors that may be looked at/for
What is Observation; swelling, deformity, and discoloration?
More accurate when checked rectally or in the ear, this vital sign is _____________, and has a normal value of____________________
What is core temperature; 98.6 deg F or 37 deg C?
“Mechanical Failure” occurs when this is exceeded (i.e. the elastic limit of the tissue)
What is “yield point?”
Assessing scene for safety, determining how many victims, and performing the CABs make up this ‘C’ of the 3 Cs.
What is Check?
Made up of the following components: type of event, personnel, special equipment, communication, emergency access to venue, and health information for participants.
What is an emergency action plan?
These are components that should be palpated during the ‘”Palpation” portion of the HOPS acronym (provide 2)
What are temperature; bony anatomy; soft tissue; and/or crepitus, clicking, or popping?
Refers to the last sound heard during blood pressure, normal diastolic pressure is ___(this value) and represents pressure within the vessels when the heart is _________________
What is 80 mm Hg; heart is relaxing?
Usually made by an MD or with an instrument, this is a skin wound that has well-defined edges.
What is an incision?
This is the ‘B’ of the CABs and it is performed by doing this.
What is Breathing-look, listen, and feel for breathing; provide breaths?
This is an objective finding (something that can be appreciated via one of the five senses) that usually has a number assigned to it
What is a sign?
By the end of the Subjective or History section of the 2° survey, the evaluator should have this
What is differential diagnoses (DDx)?
12-20 is the normal range for this vital sign that is checked during the ‘B’ section of the CABs
What is respirations?
These are four of the many signs of infection.
What are fever, redness, warmth/heat, swelling, dysfunction, pus accumulation, pain?
In addition to shock and loss of consciousness, these are two of the general pathologies that should be ruled out during the 1° survey.
Answer varies: serious spine injury, circulation compromise, airway obstruction/compromise, severe bleeding
These two types of shock are quite similar but one involves extreme loss of blood, while the other involves extreme loss of fluids (not blood).
What are hemorrhagic and metabolic shock?
Complete the following phrase: Don’t just tx the _____________, tx the _____________!
What is Don’t just tx the EFFECT, tx the CAUSE?
White and blue are abnormal findings for this sign and indicate the following problems.
What is skin color; white= poor circulation; blue=respiratory insufficiency (lack of oxygen)?
Similar to an abrasion, where the dermis and epidermis are rubbed away, this wound occurs when the skin is completely ripped away from its source.
What is an avulsion?
The acronym PEARL stands for the following.
What is Pupils Equal and Reactive to Light.