Federalism
What is federalism?
a system of government in which power is divided between the federal and governments
What is the purpose of the separation of powers?
This structure is designed to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power.
What is the dual court system?
The U.S. operates under a dual (2) court system, which includes both federal and state courts. Each has its own jurisdiction and authority
What is the purpose of checks and balances?
ensures that no branch of government becomes too powerful
What is a criminal case?
Involve actions that are offenses against the state or public, such as theft, assault, or murder (breaking a law).
Give one example of a federal power and one example of a state power.
Federal Powers: Regulating interstate commerce, conducting foreign affairs, and establishing immigration laws.
State Powers: Regulating education, conducting elections, and managing local law enforcement.
Name the three branches of government.
Executive, legislative, judicial
How do federal courts differ from state courts?
Federal courts handle cases involving federal laws, constitutional issues, and disputes between states. State courts handle cases involving state laws and local matters.
How can Congress override a presidential veto?
The legislative branch can override presidential vetoes with a two-thirds majority
Who are the parties involved in a civil case?
Plaintiff and Defendant
Why is federalism important for protecting individual rights?
Federalism can serve as a safeguard for individual rights by allowing states to enact laws that may better reflect the needs and values of their local populations.
How does the system of checks and balances function?
Each branch operates independently but is interconnected through a system of checks and balances, where each branch can monitor and limit the actions of the others.
What is original jurisdiction?
when a court is the first to hear a particular case.
Provide one example of how the judicial branch checks the executive branch.
the judicial branch can rule on the legality of executive actions
What is the burden of proof in criminal cases?
Beyond a reasonable doubt
How does federalism allow states to govern local matters?
state governments have their own powers and responsibilities and can govern local matters
Provide one example of a check against the abuse of power.
Congress can impeach the President, the President can veto legislation, and the Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional.
What is appellate jurisdiction?
when a court hears a case on appeal. This would take place in an appellate or circuit court.
Why are checks and balances important for civil liberties?
Checks and balances help protect individual rights by limiting government power and allowing for judicial review of laws and executive actions.
Describe the outcomes of a civil case.
Outcomes typically involve monetary compensation or specific performance (forcing someone to fulfill a contract). Civil judgments do not carry criminal penalties like imprisonment.
Explain how federalism contributes to the balance of power in the U.S. government.
This division helps to balance power and ensure that no single entity becomes too powerful
Why is the separation of powers essential in U.S. governance?
By distributing authority, it helps ensure that no branch can dominate the government or infringe upon citizens' rights.
Why is the dual court system important for justice in the U.S.?
This system allows for a more localized approach to justice while also providing a means for federal oversight and uniformity where necessary.
How do checks and balances promote accountability in government?
Each branch has the ability to limit the powers of the others.
How do the consequences of criminal cases differ from civil cases?
Outcomes in criminal cases can include imprisonment, fines, community service, or probation. Convictions often carry a social stigma and can impact future employment opportunities.